Nokea
What happens during the oral phase of digestion?
- A. Food is chewed and mixed with saliva
- B. Chyme is formed with gastric juice
- C. Nutrients are absorbed
- D. Waste is expelled
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the oral phase, food is mechanically broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva to begin starch digestion.
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Which structure produces a liquid called chyme to help with the digestive process?
- A. 3
- B. 2
- C. 1
- D. 4
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structure 3 (stomach) produces chyme by mixing food with gastric juices. (Assuming typical diagram numbering; stomach is often 3.)
A set of permanent teeth contains:
- A. 20 teeth
- B. 30 teeth
- C. 32 teeth
- D. 24 teeth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An adult human has 32 permanent teeth.
A 70-year-old male patient is experiencing symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Physical examination reveals visible distension of the abdomen, and a contrast study shows dilation of the large intestine. Which of the following motility disorders is the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms?
- A. Excessive peristalsis in the large intestine
- B. Impaired segmentation in the small intestine
- C. Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine
- D. Excessive segmentation in the small intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine slows transit, leading to constipation, bloating, and dilation, as seen in the contrast study.
The food mixes thoroughly with acidic gastric juice of the by the churning movement-
- A. Rectum
- B. Duodenum
- C. Stomach
- D. Oesophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stomach churns food with gastric juice to form chyme.
Which of the following structures is a common passageway for both food and air?
- A. Nasopharynx
- B. Oropharynx
- C. Esophagus
- D. Trachea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The oropharynx serves as a common pathway for food (to the esophagus) and air (to the laryngopharynx and trachea), unlike the other options.