Nokea
What hormone(s) stimulates the growth of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?
- A. Estrogens
- B. Progesterones
- C. Insulin
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrogens stimulate growth of the endometrium during the proliferative phase by promoting cell proliferation and thickening of the endometrial lining. Estrogens also increase blood flow to the endometrium. Progesterone, on the other hand, prepares the endometrium for implantation and supports pregnancy, but does not directly stimulate growth during the proliferative phase. Insulin and testosterone do not have direct roles in stimulating endometrial growth during this phase.
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The transmission of sound vibrations through the inner ear occurs chiefly through:
- A. Bone
- B. Nerve fibers
- C. Air
- D. Liquid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Liquid. Sound vibrations travel through the inner ear mainly through the liquid-filled cochlea. When sound waves reach the ear, they cause the fluid inside the cochlea to move, stimulating hair cells that convert the vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain. Choice A (Bone) is incorrect as bone conduction bypasses the middle ear, while sound must pass through it to reach the cochlea. Choice B (Nerve fibers) is incorrect because nerves transmit the electrical signals generated by the hair cells, not sound vibrations themselves. Choice C (Air) is incorrect as the inner ear is filled with liquid, not air, and sound waves need a medium like air to travel through the ear canal but not inside the inner ear.
The lateral extremity of the Fallopian tube:
- A. opens in the abdominal cavity;
- B. captures the ovule released by the ovary;
- C. displays flared edges;
- D. is linked to the uterus through the uterine ostium;
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct:
1. The lateral extremity of the Fallopian tube is connected to the uterus through the uterine ostium.
2. This connection allows the passage of the ovum from the Fallopian tube to the uterus for implantation.
3. The uterine ostium serves as the entry point for the ovum to travel from the Fallopian tube to the uterus.
4. Therefore, choice D is correct as it accurately describes the anatomical connection between the Fallopian tube and the uterus.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because the lateral extremity of the Fallopian tube does not open in the abdominal cavity.
- Choice B is incorrect because the Fallopian tube does not capture the ovule released by the ovary.
- Choice C is incorrect because the lateral extremity of the Fallopian tube does not display flared edges.
- Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the anatomical connection
Which hormone causes the uterus to increase glycogen?
- A. progesterone
- B. FSH
- C. LH
- D. estrogen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progesterone is the correct answer because it is responsible for preparing the uterus for potential implantation by increasing glycogen levels. Progesterone promotes the growth of blood vessels and glands in the uterus, leading to increased glycogen production. FSH and LH are involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation but do not directly impact glycogen levels in the uterus. Estrogen plays a role in the growth and thickening of the endometrial lining but does not specifically stimulate glycogen production.
Structurally, the ovary displays:
- A. on the outside, an elastic tissue;
- B. on the surface, the glandular parenchyma;
- C. the cortical area, which contains ovarian follicles;
- D. the medullar area, which contains blood vessels;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The ovary is a complex organ with distinct internal structures.
Step 2: The ovarian cortex houses ovarian follicles, which are crucial for reproductive functions.
Step 3: Ovarian follicles contain oocytes and support cells for oocyte development.
Step 4: Therefore, choice C is correct as it accurately describes the structural aspect of the ovary.
Summary: Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the structural components of the ovary. Choice A talks about elastic tissue, choice B mentions glandular parenchyma, and choice D refers to blood vessels, none of which are specific to the structural arrangement of the ovary.
To avoid a perineal tear the obstetrician cuts the perineum posteriorly before delivery. This process is called
- A. Perineorrhaphy
- B. Episiotomy
- C. Cesarean section
- D. Tubal ligation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Episiotomy. An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening and prevent severe perineal tears. This procedure is performed to facilitate the delivery of the baby and reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. Perineorrhaphy (A) is a surgical repair of a perineal tear or episiotomy after childbirth, not the procedure of making the incision. Cesarean section (C) is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus, not related to perineal tears. Tubal ligation (D) is a permanent form of female sterilization by blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy, not relevant to perineal tears during childbirth.