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What intervention is appropriate for a nurse assessing a preadolescent child for scoliosis?
- A. Ask the child to bend forward at the waist and observe the child's back for asymmetry.
- B. Observe the gait while the child is walking forward heel to toe.
- C. Have the child flex the knees and look for uneven knee height.
- D. Look at the child's shoulders and hips while fully clothed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bending forward at the waist allows the nurse to observe back asymmetry, a key sign of scoliosis.
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How long does it take for the toe to regain color if adequate perfusion is assessed?
- A. 3 seconds
- B. 4 seconds
- C. 5 seconds
- D. 6 seconds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Capillary refill in 3 seconds or less indicates adequate perfusion in a child in Bryant's traction.
Which statement if made by the nurse indicates correct understanding of this disease?
- A. Amputation is the accepted treatment.'
- B. The disease is sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy.'
- C. Metastasis is rare.'
- D. The disease is more prevalent among toddlers and preschoolers.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ewing's sarcoma responds well to radiation and chemotherapy, unlike amputation, and it can metastasize, primarily affecting school-age children.
Why does a child's fracture heal more rapidly than the adult's?
- A. A child's bones are less porous than adult bone.
- B. A child's bones are covered by a thicker periosteum.
- C. A child's bones are not affected by bone overgrowth.
- D. A child's bones have faster callus formation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Faster callus formation in children accelerates fracture healing compared to adults.
What would the nurse include in planning teaching to parents of a child with Legg-Calv?©-Perthes disease about the long-term effects of this disease?
- A. There are no long-term effects.
- B. The disease is self-limited and requires no long-term treatment.
- C. Degenerative arthritis may develop later in life.
- D. There is risk of osteogenic sarcoma in adulthood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Marked distortion of the femoral head in Legg-Calv?©-Perthes disease may lead to degenerative arthritis in adulthood.
Which assessment performed by a nursing student performing a neurovascular check alerts the instructor that further education is necessary?
- A. Pulses
- B. Capillary refill
- C. Movement
- D. Pupils
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pupil assessment is part of a neurological check, not a neurovascular check, which includes pulses, capillary refill, and movement.