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What intervention should the nurse implement when caring for a patient demonstrating manic behavior?
- A. Monitor the patient's vital signs frequently.
- B. Engage the patient in calming activities.
- C. Offer the patient a quiet environment for relaxation.
- D. Reduce environmental stimuli and create a calm atmosphere.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a patient demonstrating manic behavior, the nurse should implement the intervention of reducing environmental stimuli and creating a calm atmosphere. This approach is crucial in managing manic behavior as it helps decrease triggers that may worsen the patient's symptoms. Engaging the patient in calming activities (Choice B) may not be effective during a manic episode as the patient may have difficulty focusing. While offering a quiet environment for relaxation (Choice C) is beneficial, it may not be sufficient to address the heightened stimulation experienced during mania. Monitoring the patient's vital signs frequently (Choice A) is important in general patient care but may not directly address the specific needs of a patient exhibiting manic behavior.
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A patient with major depressive disorder has been prescribed sertraline (Zoloft). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should take my medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
- B. I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once I feel better.
- D. I might experience some improvement in mood within a few weeks.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer. It is crucial for patients to understand that they should not stop taking their medication once they feel better. Discontinuing antidepressants abruptly can lead to a relapse of depressive symptoms. Patients should continue taking their medication as prescribed by their healthcare provider, even if they start feeling better, to ensure the best outcomes in managing major depressive disorder. Choices A, B, and D are all accurate statements. Taking medication with food can help reduce stomach upset, avoiding alcohol is essential while on sertraline to prevent interactions, and experiencing some improvement in mood within a few weeks is a common expectation when starting an antidepressant like sertraline.
Which assessment question, when asked by the nurse, demonstrates an understanding of comorbid mental health conditions associated with major depressive disorder?
- A. Do rules apply to you?
- B. What do you do to manage anxiety?
- C. Do you have a history of disordered eating?
- D. Do you think that you drink too much?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Inquiring about anxiety management demonstrates an understanding of the common comorbid condition of anxiety often seen alongside major depressive disorder. Anxiety and depression frequently coexist, and addressing anxiety management can provide insights into the patient's overall mental health status. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address comorbid mental health conditions associated with major depressive disorder.
Which statement by a patient indicates an understanding of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
- A. CBT will help me understand and change my thought patterns.
- B. CBT focuses on resolving past trauma.
- C. CBT will help me avoid my problems.
- D. CBT involves taking medication to manage symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on helping patients understand and change their thought patterns to improve their mental health. This therapy aims to identify and modify negative or harmful thoughts and behaviors. Option A correctly reflects this fundamental concept of CBT, emphasizing the role of thought patterns in mental health improvement. Choices B and C are incorrect because CBT does not primarily focus on resolving past trauma or avoiding problems; instead, it concentrates on changing cognitive patterns. Choice D is also inaccurate as CBT does not involve medication management but rather focuses on cognitive and behavioral interventions.
Which therapeutic communication technique involves restating the patient's message to ensure understanding?
- A. Clarification
- B. Reflection
- C. Summarization
- D. Paraphrasing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paraphrasing is the correct therapeutic communication technique where the nurse restates the patient's message in their own words to confirm understanding. This technique helps in validating the patient's feelings and ensuring that both parties are in agreement, leading to effective communication and rapport building. Choice A, 'Clarification,' involves seeking further information to enhance understanding rather than restating the message. Choice B, 'Reflection,' involves echoing the patient's feelings to show empathy rather than restating the message. Choice C, 'Summarization,' involves condensing the main points of a conversation rather than restating a specific message.
The nurse is providing medication education to a patient who has been prescribed lithium to stabilize mood. Which early signs and symptoms of toxicity should the nurse stress to the patient?
- A. Increased attentiveness
- B. Getting up at night to urinate
- C. Improved vision
- D. An upset stomach for no apparent reason
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct early sign of lithium toxicity that the nurse should stress to the patient is an upset stomach for no apparent reason. Early signs of lithium toxicity often manifest as gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This can serve as an important indicator for the patient to seek medical attention promptly to prevent further complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Increased attentiveness, getting up at night to urinate, and improved vision are not early signs of lithium toxicity. It is crucial for the nurse to educate the patient on recognizing gastrointestinal symptoms as potential indicators of toxicity.