Nokea
What is a chronic condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, leading to mucus buildup and frequent infections?
- A. Bronchiectasis
- B. Chronic bronchitis
- C. Pneumoconiosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchiectasis. This condition involves permanent widening and damage to the airways, leading to mucus accumulation and recurrent infections. Chronic bronchitis (B) primarily involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes without permanent widening. Pneumoconiosis (C) is a group of lung diseases caused by inhaling mineral dust, not directly related to airway damage. Asthma (D) is characterized by reversible airway constriction and inflammation, not permanent widening like in bronchiectasis.
You may also like to solve these questions
Define ventilation and respiration.
- A. Gas exchange
- B. Breathing process
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ventilation refers to breathing, while respiration involves gas exchange at cellular level.
What is a condition where the airways become swollen and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe, often associated with COPD?
- A. Chronic bronchitis
- B. Pneumonia
- C. Emphysema
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the airways leading to excess mucus production.
2. It is a common symptom of COPD, obstructing airflow and causing breathing difficulties.
3. Pneumonia, emphysema, and tuberculosis do not primarily involve airway inflammation and mucus production as seen in chronic bronchitis.
What is a condition where the heart's mitral valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backward into the left atrium?
- A. Mitral valve prolapse
- B. Aortic stenosis
- C. Mitral stenosis
- D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse is the correct answer because it is a condition where the mitral valve doesn't close properly, leading to blood leakage into the left atrium during the heart's contraction. This results in a characteristic systolic click on auscultation. Aortic stenosis (B) involves narrowing of the aortic valve, not the mitral valve. Mitral stenosis (C) refers to a narrowing of the mitral valve, not improper closure. Tricuspid regurgitation (D) is when the tricuspid valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to leak backward into the right atrium, not the left atrium.
The nurse and patient set a patient outcome that at the time of discharge after an MI the patient will be able to tolerate moderate-energy activities that are similar to which activity?
- A. Golfing
- B. Walking at 5 mph
- C. Cycling at 13 mph
- D. Mowing the lawn by hand
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Moderate activities like golfing are achievable post-MI.
What is a condition where the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients?
- A. Stroke
- B. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Angina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. This can result in brain cell damage or death. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain with similar symptoms but resolves quickly without causing permanent damage. Myocardial infarction is a heart attack caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not the brain. Angina is chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, not the brain. Thus, only a stroke directly involves the interruption of blood supply to the brain, making it the correct answer.