Nokea
What is a common clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease?
- A. Severe headaches
- B. High fever lasting more than 5 days
- C. Chronic cough
- D. Severe abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A high fever lasting more than 5 days is a common clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease. This fever is often accompanied by other symptoms such as rash and conjunctivitis. Severe headaches (Choice A), chronic cough (Choice C), and severe abdominal pain (Choice D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease, making them incorrect choices.
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What is a common treatment for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- A. Intravenous antibiotics
- B. Oral antibiotics
- C. Increased fluid intake only
- D. Topical antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral antibiotics are the correct choice for treating a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). They are often prescribed to effectively address the infection and alleviate symptoms. Intravenous antibiotics (Choice A) are usually reserved for severe cases where oral antibiotics are not feasible or effective. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) can help in flushing out bacteria but is not a standalone treatment for UTIs. Topical antibiotics (Choice D) are not typically used to treat UTIs as they are more suited for skin infections.
How should a healthcare professional handle a child with a new diagnosis of ADHD?
- A. Provide behavioral therapy and support
- B. Increase sugar intake
- C. Restrict all forms of exercise
- D. Avoid medication use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When dealing with a child newly diagnosed with ADHD, providing behavioral therapy and support is crucial. This approach helps the child learn coping strategies, improve social skills, and manage their symptoms effectively. Choice B, increasing sugar intake, is incorrect as there is no evidence linking sugar consumption to ADHD. Choice C, restricting all forms of exercise, is inappropriate as regular physical activity can actually benefit children with ADHD by helping them release excess energy and improve focus. Choice D, avoiding medication use, may not be the best course of action as medication prescribed by a healthcare professional can sometimes be beneficial in managing ADHD symptoms when combined with other therapies.
Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?
- A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
- B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
- C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
- D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.
What dietary recommendation is essential for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?
- A. High-protein diet
- B. Low-fat diet
- C. Low-phenylalanine diet
- D. High-fiber diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Low-phenylalanine diet.' Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to follow a low-phenylalanine diet to manage the condition. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it, leading to neurological damage and other complications. Therefore, restricting phenylalanine intake is crucial. Choice A, 'High-protein diet,' is incorrect because high protein intake would increase phenylalanine levels, worsening the condition. Choice B, 'Low-fat diet,' and Choice D, 'High-fiber diet,' are not the primary focus for PKU patients. The key dietary intervention for PKU is controlling phenylalanine intake, which is best achieved through a low-phenylalanine diet.
What is the primary reason influencing most people's food choices?
- A. cost
- B. taste
- C. convenience
- D. nutritional value
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary reason most people choose the foods they eat is taste. While cost, convenience, and nutritional value also play a role in food choices, taste often takes precedence as people are more likely to select foods that they find appealing in flavor. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as taste is the chief factor influencing food choices.