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What is a common sign or symptom of preeclampsia during pregnancy?
- A. abdominal cramps
- B. severe headache
- C. increased appetite
- D. elevated heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: severe headache. A common sign of preeclampsia is a severe headache due to high blood pressure, a hallmark symptom of the condition. Preeclampsia can lead to dangerous complications for both the mother and the baby. Abdominal cramps (A) are not typically associated with preeclampsia. Increased appetite (C) is not a typical symptom and may even decrease due to other factors. Elevated heart rate (D) is not a specific sign of preeclampsia; high blood pressure is the key indicator.
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The health-care provider is caring for an adolescent patient who is pregnant. The health-care provider knows that pregnancy during adolescence is linked with what influencing factor or factors? Select all that apply.
- A. low socioeconomic status
- B. psychologic problems
- C. social problems
- D. unemployment
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: A: Low socioeconomic status is a contributing factor to adolescent pregnancy due to limited access to education, healthcare, and contraception. B: Psychologic problems such as low self-esteem or mental health issues can increase the likelihood of adolescent pregnancy. C: Social problems like lack of support from family or peers, or exposure to risky behaviors, can also influence adolescent pregnancy. D: Unemployment, while a potential issue, is not directly linked to adolescent pregnancy as the other factors are more significant in this context.
Which cardiac disease has the lowest risk for maternal mortality?
- A. Endocarditis
- B. Aortic stenosis
- C. Patent ductus arteriosus
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition typically does not pose a significant risk for maternal mortality because it is a relatively benign cardiac defect that does not significantly impact maternal health during pregnancy. Other choices, such as endocarditis, aortic stenosis, and pulmonary hypertension, have higher risks for maternal mortality due to complications like heart failure, arrhythmias, and increased risk of thromboembolic events. Therefore, patent ductus arteriosus is the lowest risk for maternal mortality among the given options.
A patient at 32 weeks' gestation is diagnosed with polyhydramnios. The patient asks the nurse if polyhydramnios can affect the baby. What is the nurse's response to the patient's question?
- A. No, polyhydramnios commonly occurs toward the end of pregnancy.
- B. No, polyhydramnios is a sign that the lungs are maturing.
- C. Yes, polyhydramnios increases the risk of a preterm delivery.
- D. Yes, polyhydramnios causes umbilical cord compression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Yes, polyhydramnios increases the risk of a preterm delivery. Polyhydramnios, an excess of amniotic fluid, can lead to uterine overdistension, which may trigger premature labor. The increased pressure from the excess fluid can also cause premature rupture of membranes. This complication can potentially result in a preterm delivery, which carries risks for the baby's health and development. Choices A and B are incorrect because polyhydramnios is not a normal occurrence at the end of pregnancy nor a sign of lung maturity. Choice D is incorrect as umbilical cord compression is a potential complication of polyhydramnios but not the primary risk associated with it.
Which intervention would the nurse initiate when a fetal heart pattern signifying uteroplacental insufficiency occurs?
- A. Inserting a urinary catheter
- B. Administering oxygen by means of nasal cannula
- C. Helping the client turn to the side-lying position
- D. Encouraging the client to pant with her next contraction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Helping the client turn to the side-lying position. This intervention facilitates increased blood flow to the placenta, improving oxygenation to the fetus during uteroplacental insufficiency. The side-lying position relieves pressure on the vena cava, enhancing blood flow. Inserting a urinary catheter (A) is not indicated for addressing uteroplacental insufficiency. Administering oxygen (B) is important, but turning the client to the side is the priority as it directly improves blood flow. Encouraging panting (D) is not effective in addressing uteroplacental insufficiency.
Which factor is known to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?
- A. Previous birth of large infant
- B. Maternal age younger than 25 years
- C. Underweight prior to pregnancy
- D. Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Previous birth of large infant. This factor increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus due to the association with maternal insulin resistance. Large infants may have been exposed to higher glucose levels in utero, leading to increased risk in subsequent pregnancies. Maternal age younger than 25 years (B) is not a known risk factor. Being underweight prior to pregnancy (C) is actually associated with a lower risk of gestational diabetes. Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (D) is a separate condition and not a risk factor for gestational diabetes.