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What is not a complication associated with chronic hypertension during pregnancy?
- A. preeclampsia
- B. gestational diabetes
- C. fetal growth restriction
- D. polyhydramnios
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, gestational diabetes. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy can lead to preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and polyhydramnios due to placental dysfunction and impaired blood flow. Gestational diabetes, on the other hand, is a separate condition caused by insulin resistance during pregnancy. It is not directly related to chronic hypertension and its complications. Therefore, gestational diabetes is not a complication associated with chronic hypertension during pregnancy.
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Which instructions should the nurse include when teaching a pregnant patient with Class II heart disease?
- A. Advise her to gain at least 30 lb.
- B. Instruct her to avoid strenuous activity.
- C. Inform her of the need to limit fluid intake.
- D. Explain the importance of a diet high in calcium.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Instruct her to avoid strenuous activity. For a pregnant patient with Class II heart disease, avoiding strenuous activity is crucial to prevent excessive strain on the heart. Strenuous activities can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can worsen the heart condition. Advising her to gain at least 30 lb (choice A) may put additional strain on the heart. Limiting fluid intake (choice C) can lead to dehydration, affecting blood volume and circulation. A diet high in calcium (choice D) is beneficial for overall health but is not specifically related to managing Class II heart disease during pregnancy.
An abortion when the fetus dies but is retained in the uterus is called
- A. inevitable.
- B. missed.
- C. incomplete.
- D. threatened.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: missed. In a missed abortion, the fetus dies but is not expelled from the uterus. This can be diagnosed during an ultrasound when no fetal heartbeat is detected. The term "inevitable" (choice A) refers to an abortion that is in progress and cannot be stopped. "Incomplete" (choice C) refers to an abortion where some fetal or placental tissue remains in the uterus. "Threatened" (choice D) refers to vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, with a viable pregnancy.
Which finding on a prenatal visit at 10 weeks might suggest a hydatidiform mole?
- A. Blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg
- B. Complaint of frequent mild nausea
- C. Fundal height measurement of 18 cm
- D. History of bright red spotting for 1 day weeks ago
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fundal height measurement of 18 cm. At 10 weeks of gestation, the fundal height should typically measure around 10-12 cm. A fundal height measurement of 18 cm would suggest excessive growth, which is a characteristic finding in a hydatidiform mole due to abnormal proliferation of placental tissue.
Incorrect choices:
A: Blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg is within normal range and not specific to hydatidiform mole.
B: Complaint of frequent mild nausea is a common symptom in early pregnancy and not specific to a mole.
D: History of bright red spotting for 1 day weeks ago is more indicative of a potential previous miscarriage, not necessarily a mole.
Which finding in the assessment of a patient following an abruption placenta could indicate a major complication?
- A. Urine output of 30 mL in 1 hour
- B. Blood pressure of 110/60 mm Hg
- C. Bleeding at IV insertion site
- D. Respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because bleeding at the IV insertion site could indicate disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a major complication of placental abruption. DIC is a serious condition that results in widespread clotting and bleeding throughout the body. This finding signifies that the patient's clotting factors are being consumed rapidly, leading to uncontrolled bleeding. Options A, B, and D are not indicative of a major complication of placental abruption. A decreased urine output, low blood pressure, and normal respiratory rate may be seen in various conditions but are not specific to DIC or a major complication in this context.
A patient at 32 weeks' gestation is diagnosed with polyhydramnios. The patient asks the nurse if polyhydramnios can affect the baby. What is the nurse's response to the patient's question?
- A. No, polyhydramnios commonly occurs toward the end of pregnancy.
- B. No, polyhydramnios is a sign that the lungs are maturing.
- C. Yes, polyhydramnios increases the risk of a preterm delivery.
- D. Yes, polyhydramnios causes umbilical cord compression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Yes, polyhydramnios increases the risk of a preterm delivery. Polyhydramnios, an excess of amniotic fluid, can lead to uterine overdistension, which may trigger premature labor. The increased pressure from the excess fluid can also cause premature rupture of membranes. This complication can potentially result in a preterm delivery, which carries risks for the baby's health and development. Choices A and B are incorrect because polyhydramnios is not a normal occurrence at the end of pregnancy nor a sign of lung maturity. Choice D is incorrect as umbilical cord compression is a potential complication of polyhydramnios but not the primary risk associated with it.