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What is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure?
- A. Cretinism
- B. Dwarfism
- C. Gigantism
- D. Acromegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH after epiphyseal closure, causing bone and tissue overgrowth. Cretinism is linked to hypothyroidism, dwarfism to GH deficiency, and gigantism to GH excess before closure.
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A child with hyperthyroidism (Graves disease) is receiving propylthiouracil. The parents and child should be taught to recognize and report which sign or symptom immediately?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Weight loss
- C. Fever, sore throat
- D. Upper respiratory tract infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fever and sore throat may indicate leukopenia, a serious side effect of propylthiouracil, requiring immediate reporting. Fatigue and weight loss are symptoms of hyperthyroidism, not drug complications, and upper respiratory infections are typically viral, not urgent.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is suspected in a newborn because of ambiguous genitalia. The parents are appropriately upset and concerned about their childs gender. In teaching the parents about CAH, what should the nurse explain?
- A. Reconstructive surgery as a female is preferred.
- B. Sexual assignment should wait until genetic sex is determined.
- C. Prenatal masculinization will strongly influence the childs development.
- D. The child should be raised as a boy because of the presence of a penis and scrotum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual assignment in CAH should align with genetic sex, determined before deciding on surgery or rearing. Female genetic sex with hormone therapy can reverse virilization, while male genetic sex may require supplementation. Prenatal masculinization doesn?t dictate development, and genital appearance alone doesn?t determine gender.
Homeostasis in the body is maintained by what is collectively known as the neuroendocrine system. What is the name of the nervous system that is involved?
- A. Central
- B. Skeletal
- C. Peripheral
- D. Autonomic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system, comprising sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, regulates involuntary functions to maintain homeostasis with the endocrine system. Central, skeletal, and peripheral nervous systems are not part of the neuroendocrine system.
What clinical manifestation is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Nausea
- B. Seizures
- C. Impaired vision
- D. Frequent urination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent urination (polyuria), along with glycosuria and polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus due to glucose-driven osmotic diuresis. Nausea and seizures are not typical, and impaired vision is a long-term complication, not a cardinal sign.
What is a common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Dry skin
- D. Rapid growth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dry skin is a hallmark of juvenile hypothyroidism, along with mental decline and myxedema. Hypothyroidism causes sleepiness, constipation, and slowed growth, not insomnia, diarrhea, or rapid growth.