Nokea
What clinical manifestation occurs with hypoglycemia?
- A. Lethargy
- B. Confusion
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Weakness and dizziness
- E. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoglycemia manifests as weakness, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, sweating, and pallor due to low glucose affecting the brain and body. Lethargy, confusion, and nausea are more typical of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
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A child will start treatment for central precocious puberty. What synthetic hormone will be injected?
- A. Thyrotropin
- B. Gonadotropins
- C. Somatotropic hormone
- D. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monthly luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone injections regulate pituitary secretions in central precocious puberty. Thyrotropin, gonadotropins, and somatotropic hormone are not used for this condition.
The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What effect does exercise have on a type 1 diabetic?
- A. Exercise increases blood glucose.
- B. Extra insulin is required during exercise.
- C. Additional snacks are needed before exercise.
- D. Excessive physical activity should be restricted.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise lowers blood glucose in type 1 diabetes, requiring additional snacks to prevent hypoglycemia. It doesn?t increase glucose, reduces insulin needs, and should be encouraged unless contraindicated by other conditions.
Homeostasis in the body is maintained by what is collectively known as the neuroendocrine system. What is the name of the nervous system that is involved?
- A. Central
- B. Skeletal
- C. Peripheral
- D. Autonomic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system, comprising sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, regulates involuntary functions to maintain homeostasis with the endocrine system. Central, skeletal, and peripheral nervous systems are not part of the neuroendocrine system.
The school nurse practitioner is consulted by a fifth-grade teacher about a student who has become increasingly inattentive and hyperactive in the classroom. The nurse notes that the childs weight has changed from the 50th percentile to the 30th percentile. The nurse is concerned about possible hyperthyroidism. What additional sign or symptom should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Skin that is cool and dry
- B. Blurred vision and loss of acuity
- C. Running and being active during recess
- D. Decreased appetite and food intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blurred vision and loss of acuity are early signs of hyperthyroidism, alongside hyperactivity and weight loss. Skin is typically warm and moist, activity during recess is expected, and appetite increases despite weight loss in hyperthyroidism.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is suspected in a newborn because of ambiguous genitalia. The parents are appropriately upset and concerned about their childs gender. In teaching the parents about CAH, what should the nurse explain?
- A. Reconstructive surgery as a female is preferred.
- B. Sexual assignment should wait until genetic sex is determined.
- C. Prenatal masculinization will strongly influence the childs development.
- D. The child should be raised as a boy because of the presence of a penis and scrotum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual assignment in CAH should align with genetic sex, determined before deciding on surgery or rearing. Female genetic sex with hormone therapy can reverse virilization, while male genetic sex may require supplementation. Prenatal masculinization doesn?t dictate development, and genital appearance alone doesn?t determine gender.