Nokea
What is a common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Dry skin
- D. Rapid growth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dry skin is a hallmark of juvenile hypothyroidism, along with mental decline and myxedema. Hypothyroidism causes sleepiness, constipation, and slowed growth, not insomnia, diarrhea, or rapid growth.
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Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) differs from central precocious puberty (CPP) in which manner?
- A. PPP results from a central nervous system (CNS) insult.
- B. PPP occurs more frequently in girls.
- C. PPP may be viewed as a variation in sexual development.
- D. PPP results from hormonal stimulation of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PPP, caused by non-hypothalamic hormone sources, may be considered a variation in sexual development. CPP stems from CNS-driven Gn-RH stimulation, is more common in girls, and isn?t a variation but a pathological early puberty.
The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What effect does exercise have on a type 1 diabetic?
- A. Exercise increases blood glucose.
- B. Extra insulin is required during exercise.
- C. Additional snacks are needed before exercise.
- D. Excessive physical activity should be restricted.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise lowers blood glucose in type 1 diabetes, requiring additional snacks to prevent hypoglycemia. It doesn?t increase glucose, reduces insulin needs, and should be encouraged unless contraindicated by other conditions.
What statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Onset is usually gradual.
- B. Ketoacidosis is infrequent.
- C. Peak age incidence is 10 to 15 years.
- D. Oral agents are available for treatment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes has a peak incidence between 10 and 15 years, with abrupt onset. Ketoacidosis is common due to insulin deficiency, and oral agents are used for type 2, not type 1, which requires insulin therapy.
What nursing care should be included for a child diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
- A. Maintain the child NPO (nothing by mouth).
- B. Turn the child frequently.
- C. Restrict fluids.
- D. Encourage fluids.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SIADH causes excessive water retention, so fluid restriction is key to prevent hyponatremia and fluid overload. NPO status isn?t needed, frequent turning is unnecessary unless unresponsive, and encouraging fluids worsens the condition.
A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which signs or symptoms of vitamin D toxicity?
- A. Headache and seizures
- B. Weakness and lassitude
- C. Anorexia and insomnia
- D. Physical restlessness, voracious appetite without weight gain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D toxicity can cause weakness, lassitude, nausea, vomiting, and renal issues like polyuria. Headaches occur but seizures do not, anorexia and insomnia are not typical, and restlessness with appetite changes suggests hyperthyroidism, not toxicity.