Nokea
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids are secreted by which gland?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Adrenal cortex
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Parathyroid glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids. The thyroid produces thyroid hormone, the anterior pituitary secretes hormones like GH and ACTH, and the parathyroids produce parathyroid hormone.
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The school nurse practitioner is consulted by a fifth-grade teacher about a student who has become increasingly inattentive and hyperactive in the classroom. The nurse notes that the childs weight has changed from the 50th percentile to the 30th percentile. The nurse is concerned about possible hyperthyroidism. What additional sign or symptom should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Skin that is cool and dry
- B. Blurred vision and loss of acuity
- C. Running and being active during recess
- D. Decreased appetite and food intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blurred vision and loss of acuity are early signs of hyperthyroidism, alongside hyperactivity and weight loss. Skin is typically warm and moist, activity during recess is expected, and appetite increases despite weight loss in hyperthyroidism.
Homeostasis in the body is maintained by what is collectively known as the neuroendocrine system. What is the name of the nervous system that is involved?
- A. Central
- B. Skeletal
- C. Peripheral
- D. Autonomic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system, comprising sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, regulates involuntary functions to maintain homeostasis with the endocrine system. Central, skeletal, and peripheral nervous systems are not part of the neuroendocrine system.
What is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure?
- A. Cretinism
- B. Dwarfism
- C. Gigantism
- D. Acromegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH after epiphyseal closure, causing bone and tissue overgrowth. Cretinism is linked to hypothyroidism, dwarfism to GH deficiency, and gigantism to GH excess before closure.
What blood glucose measurement is most likely associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
- A. 185 mg/dl
- B. 220 mg/dl
- C. 280 mg/dl
- D. 330 mg/dl
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) typically involves blood glucose levels ?330 mg/dl, reflecting severe insulin deficiency. Levels of 185, 220, and 280 mg/dl are hyperglycemic but below the threshold commonly associated with DKA.
What statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Onset is usually gradual.
- B. Ketoacidosis is infrequent.
- C. Peak age incidence is 10 to 15 years.
- D. Oral agents are available for treatment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes has a peak incidence between 10 and 15 years, with abrupt onset. Ketoacidosis is common due to insulin deficiency, and oral agents are used for type 2, not type 1, which requires insulin therapy.