Nokea
A child will start treatment for central precocious puberty. What synthetic hormone will be injected?
- A. Thyrotropin
- B. Gonadotropins
- C. Somatotropic hormone
- D. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monthly luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone injections regulate pituitary secretions in central precocious puberty. Thyrotropin, gonadotropins, and somatotropic hormone are not used for this condition.
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The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What effect does exercise have on a type 1 diabetic?
- A. Exercise increases blood glucose.
- B. Extra insulin is required during exercise.
- C. Additional snacks are needed before exercise.
- D. Excessive physical activity should be restricted.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise lowers blood glucose in type 1 diabetes, requiring additional snacks to prevent hypoglycemia. It doesn?t increase glucose, reduces insulin needs, and should be encouraged unless contraindicated by other conditions.
A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which signs or symptoms of vitamin D toxicity?
- A. Headache and seizures
- B. Weakness and lassitude
- C. Anorexia and insomnia
- D. Physical restlessness, voracious appetite without weight gain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D toxicity can cause weakness, lassitude, nausea, vomiting, and renal issues like polyuria. Headaches occur but seizures do not, anorexia and insomnia are not typical, and restlessness with appetite changes suggests hyperthyroidism, not toxicity.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is suspected in a newborn because of ambiguous genitalia. The parents are appropriately upset and concerned about their childs gender. In teaching the parents about CAH, what should the nurse explain?
- A. Reconstructive surgery as a female is preferred.
- B. Sexual assignment should wait until genetic sex is determined.
- C. Prenatal masculinization will strongly influence the childs development.
- D. The child should be raised as a boy because of the presence of a penis and scrotum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual assignment in CAH should align with genetic sex, determined before deciding on surgery or rearing. Female genetic sex with hormone therapy can reverse virilization, while male genetic sex may require supplementation. Prenatal masculinization doesn?t dictate development, and genital appearance alone doesn?t determine gender.
What is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure?
- A. Cretinism
- B. Dwarfism
- C. Gigantism
- D. Acromegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH after epiphyseal closure, causing bone and tissue overgrowth. Cretinism is linked to hypothyroidism, dwarfism to GH deficiency, and gigantism to GH excess before closure.
What clinical manifestation is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Nausea
- B. Seizures
- C. Impaired vision
- D. Frequent urination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent urination (polyuria), along with glycosuria and polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus due to glucose-driven osmotic diuresis. Nausea and seizures are not typical, and impaired vision is a long-term complication, not a cardinal sign.