Nokea
Homeostasis in the body is maintained by what is collectively known as the neuroendocrine system. What is the name of the nervous system that is involved?
- A. Central
- B. Skeletal
- C. Peripheral
- D. Autonomic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system, comprising sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, regulates involuntary functions to maintain homeostasis with the endocrine system. Central, skeletal, and peripheral nervous systems are not part of the neuroendocrine system.
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Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with which condition?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Hyperthyroidism
- C. Hypoparathyroidism
- D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exophthalmos is a classic sign of hyperthyroidism, often due to Graves? disease, from tissue swelling behind the eyes. It is not associated with hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, or hyperparathyroidism.
A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Adrenal
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Posterior pituitary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. It is not associated with adrenal, anterior, or posterior pituitary glands.
What clinical manifestation occurs with hypoglycemia?
- A. Lethargy
- B. Confusion
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Weakness and dizziness
- E. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoglycemia manifests as weakness, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, sweating, and pallor due to low glucose affecting the brain and body. Lethargy, confusion, and nausea are more typical of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
Intranasal administration of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which condition?
- A. Hypopituitarism
- B. Diabetes insipidus (DI)
- C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- D. Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DDAVP, administered intranasally, replaces vasopressin in DI, with effects lasting 6-24 hours. It?s not used for hypopituitarism, SIADH, or adrenocortical insufficiency, which require different treatments.
What is a common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Dry skin
- D. Rapid growth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dry skin is a hallmark of juvenile hypothyroidism, along with mental decline and myxedema. Hypothyroidism causes sleepiness, constipation, and slowed growth, not insomnia, diarrhea, or rapid growth.