Nokea
What blood glucose measurement is most likely associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
- A. 185 mg/dl
- B. 220 mg/dl
- C. 280 mg/dl
- D. 330 mg/dl
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) typically involves blood glucose levels ?330 mg/dl, reflecting severe insulin deficiency. Levels of 185, 220, and 280 mg/dl are hyperglycemic but below the threshold commonly associated with DKA.
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What clinical manifestation is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Nausea
- B. Seizures
- C. Impaired vision
- D. Frequent urination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent urination (polyuria), along with glycosuria and polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus due to glucose-driven osmotic diuresis. Nausea and seizures are not typical, and impaired vision is a long-term complication, not a cardinal sign.
What nursing care should be included for a child diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
- A. Maintain the child NPO (nothing by mouth).
- B. Turn the child frequently.
- C. Restrict fluids.
- D. Encourage fluids.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SIADH causes excessive water retention, so fluid restriction is key to prevent hyponatremia and fluid overload. NPO status isn?t needed, frequent turning is unnecessary unless unresponsive, and encouraging fluids worsens the condition.
A child will start treatment for central precocious puberty. What synthetic hormone will be injected?
- A. Thyrotropin
- B. Gonadotropins
- C. Somatotropic hormone
- D. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monthly luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone injections regulate pituitary secretions in central precocious puberty. Thyrotropin, gonadotropins, and somatotropic hormone are not used for this condition.
A child with hypopituitarism is being started on growth hormone (GH) therapy. Nursing considerations should be based on which knowledge?
- A. Therapy is most successful if it is started during adolescence.
- B. Replacement therapy requires daily subcutaneous injections.
- C. Hormonal supplementation will be required throughout childs lifetime.
- D. Treatment is considered successful if children attain full stature by adolescence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GH therapy involves daily subcutaneous injections, with education for self-management in school-age children. It?s most effective in younger or severely deficient children, not adolescents, and isn?t needed lifelong after final height. Success involves near-final height, not necessarily by adolescence.
Intranasal administration of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which condition?
- A. Hypopituitarism
- B. Diabetes insipidus (DI)
- C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- D. Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DDAVP, administered intranasally, replaces vasopressin in DI, with effects lasting 6-24 hours. It?s not used for hypopituitarism, SIADH, or adrenocortical insufficiency, which require different treatments.