Nokea
Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) differs from central precocious puberty (CPP) in which manner?
- A. PPP results from a central nervous system (CNS) insult.
- B. PPP occurs more frequently in girls.
- C. PPP may be viewed as a variation in sexual development.
- D. PPP results from hormonal stimulation of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PPP, caused by non-hypothalamic hormone sources, may be considered a variation in sexual development. CPP stems from CNS-driven Gn-RH stimulation, is more common in girls, and isn?t a variation but a pathological early puberty.
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Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids are secreted by which gland?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Adrenal cortex
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Parathyroid glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids. The thyroid produces thyroid hormone, the anterior pituitary secretes hormones like GH and ACTH, and the parathyroids produce parathyroid hormone.
A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Adrenal
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Posterior pituitary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. It is not associated with adrenal, anterior, or posterior pituitary glands.
A 20-kg (44-lb) child in ketoacidosis is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. What order should the nurse not implement until clarified with the physician?
- A. Weigh on admission and daily.
- B. Replace fluid volume deficit over 48 hours.
- C. Begin intravenous line with D5 0.45% normal saline with 20 mEq of potassium chloride.
- D. Give intravenous regular insulin 2 units/kg/hr after initial rehydration bolus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: D5 0.45% normal saline with potassium should be clarified, as initial rehydration in DKA uses 0.9% saline, and potassium is delayed until renal function is confirmed (urine output ?25 ml/hr). Daily weights, 48-hour fluid replacement, and insulin dosing are appropriate.
What is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure?
- A. Cretinism
- B. Dwarfism
- C. Gigantism
- D. Acromegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH after epiphyseal closure, causing bone and tissue overgrowth. Cretinism is linked to hypothyroidism, dwarfism to GH deficiency, and gigantism to GH excess before closure.
What form of diabetes is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency?
- A. Type 1 diabetes
- B. Type 2 diabetes
- C. Gestational diabetes
- D. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, causing absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 involves insulin resistance, gestational diabetes is temporary, and MODY is a genetic defect in beta cell function without destruction.