Nokea
A child eats some sugar cubes after experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. This rapid-releasing sugar should be followed by which dietary intervention?
- A. Sports drink and fruit
- B. Glucose tabs and protein
- C. Glass of water and crackers
- D. Milk and peanut butter on bread
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After rapid-releasing sugar for hypoglycemia, milk (with lactose and protein) and peanut butter on bread (complex carbohydrate and protein) provide sustained glucose stabilization. Sports drinks and fruit lack protein, glucose tabs are rapid-acting, and crackers with water lack sufficient protein.
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Intranasal administration of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which condition?
- A. Hypopituitarism
- B. Diabetes insipidus (DI)
- C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- D. Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DDAVP, administered intranasally, replaces vasopressin in DI, with effects lasting 6-24 hours. It?s not used for hypopituitarism, SIADH, or adrenocortical insufficiency, which require different treatments.
A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Adrenal
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Posterior pituitary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. It is not associated with adrenal, anterior, or posterior pituitary glands.
What clinical manifestation is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Nausea
- B. Seizures
- C. Impaired vision
- D. Frequent urination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent urination (polyuria), along with glycosuria and polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus due to glucose-driven osmotic diuresis. Nausea and seizures are not typical, and impaired vision is a long-term complication, not a cardinal sign.
A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which signs or symptoms of vitamin D toxicity?
- A. Headache and seizures
- B. Weakness and lassitude
- C. Anorexia and insomnia
- D. Physical restlessness, voracious appetite without weight gain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D toxicity can cause weakness, lassitude, nausea, vomiting, and renal issues like polyuria. Headaches occur but seizures do not, anorexia and insomnia are not typical, and restlessness with appetite changes suggests hyperthyroidism, not toxicity.
The nurse is planning care for a child recently diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI). What intervention should be included?
- A. Encourage the child to wear medical identification.
- B. Discuss with the child and family ways to limit fluid intake.
- C. Teach the child and family how to do required urine testing.
- D. Reassure the child and family that this is usually not a chronic or life-threatening illness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medical identification is critical for DI, a potentially life-threatening condition requiring free access to fluids. Fluid restriction worsens dehydration, urine testing isn?t routine, and DI is chronic, requiring lifelong vasopressin.