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What is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs, and can travel to the lungs, causing serious complications?
- A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Varicose veins
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs. These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Choice B, pulmonary embolism, is a complication of DVT, not the initial condition. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins usually visible on the skin surface, not deep veins. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowed arteries, not blood clots in veins.
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To detect and treat the most common complication of MI, what should the nurse do?
- A. Measure hourly urine output
- B. Auscultate the chest for crackles
- C. Use continuous cardiac monitoring
- D. Take vital signs every 2 hours for the first 8 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Continuous monitoring detects dysrhythmias.
Which of the following dietary recommendations is the most appropriate to give a patient who has been diagnosed with CAD?
- A. 2500 calories daily, with 45% of diet consisting of simple carbohydrates
- B. Decreased intake of sodium, animal, other fats, overall calories, and increase dietary fiber.
- C. High-protein intake with limited dairy products, decreased sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This diet helps reduce cholesterol and blood pressure, which are critical for managing CAD.
What is the term that describes the inability of cardiac cells to respond to a new stimulus while they are still in contraction from a previous stimulus?
- A. Refractoriness
- B. Excitability
- C. Contractility
- D. Automaticity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Refractoriness. Refractoriness refers to the period during which cardiac cells are unable to respond to a new stimulus while still contracting from a previous stimulus. This is essential for preventing premature re-stimulation and ensuring proper cardiac function.
B: Excitability refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus, which is the opposite of what is described in the question.
C: Contractility is the ability of cardiac cells to contract in response to an electrical stimulus, not related to the inability to respond to a new stimulus during contraction.
D: Automaticity is the ability of cardiac cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses, unrelated to the inability to respond to a new stimulus during contraction.
What is the amount of tension the ventricle must develop during contraction to eject blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?
- A. Afterload
- B. Preload
- C. Automaticity
- D. Ejection fraction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Afterload. Afterload refers to the amount of tension the ventricle must develop during contraction to eject blood into the aorta. It is the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood. Preload (B) is the stretch on the heart muscle before contraction. Automaticity (C) refers to the heart's ability to generate electrical impulses. Ejection fraction (D) is the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each heartbeat.
The nurse is caring for a client on heparin. What is the most important lab value to monitor?
- A. aPTT
- B. INR
- C. Platelet count
- D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: aPTT. This lab value is crucial for monitoring heparin therapy as it measures the effectiveness of the medication in preventing blood clots. Monitoring aPTT helps ensure the client is within the therapeutic range to prevent bleeding or clotting complications. Incorrect choices:
B: INR is used to monitor warfarin therapy, not heparin.
C: Platelet count is important, but aPTT is more directly related to heparin therapy.
D: Hemoglobin is important for assessing anemia but not specific to monitoring heparin therapy.