Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions related questions and content

What is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body?

  • A. Heart failure
  • B. Cardiomyopathy
  • C. Myocardial infarction
  • D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Heart failure is the correct answer because it is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. This occurs due to the heart's inability to adequately circulate blood, causing congestion and fluid retention. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Treatment aims to improve heart function and manage symptoms.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B (Cardiomyopathy): Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure, but it is not the specific condition described in the question.
C (Myocardial infarction): Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, results from a blockage in a coronary artery causing damage to the heart muscle, but it does not directly lead to fluid buildup in the lungs and body.
D (Pulmonary edema): Pulmonary edema is a condition characterized by fluid

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Which condition involves the tearing of the aorta, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding?

  • A. Aortic dissection
  • B. Aneurysm
  • C. Stroke
  • D. Myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic dissection. This condition involves a tear in the inner layer of the aorta, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding. The tearing causes blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, which can be life-threatening. Aneurysm (B) is the abnormal bulging of a weakened blood vessel, not necessarily involving tearing. Stroke (C) is a brain-related condition, not related to the aorta. Myocardial infarction (D) is a heart attack due to blockage of blood flow to the heart, not directly involving the aorta.

What is a condition where the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm?

  • A. Arrhythmia
  • B. Hypertension
  • C. Tachycardia
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia refers to an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm. This is because the heart beats in a disorganized manner, which can lead to various health issues. Hypertension (B) is high blood pressure, not a heart rhythm issue. Tachycardia (C) is a condition where the heart beats too fast, not necessarily irregularly. Bradycardia (D) is when the heart beats too slowly, not necessarily irregularly. Therefore, Arrhythmia is the correct choice in this context.

Which of the following dietary recommendations is the most appropriate to give a patient who has been diagnosed with CAD?

  • A. 2500 calories daily, with 45% of diet consisting of simple carbohydrates
  • B. Decreased intake of sodium, animal, other fats, overall calories, and increase dietary fiber.
  • C. High-protein intake with limited dairy products, decreased sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: This diet helps reduce cholesterol and blood pressure, which are critical for managing CAD.

During a home visit to an 88-year-old patient who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg daily to help control the rate of atrial fibrillation, you obtain this assessment information. Which assessment indicates that you need to notify the physician?

  • A. The patient's apical pulse is 68 and very irregular.
  • B. The patient takes the digoxin with meals.
  • C. The patient's vision is becoming 'fuzzy'.
  • D. The patient has lung crackles that clear after coughing.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Visual disturbances can indicate digoxin toxicity, necessitating physician notification.

What is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing?

  • A. Tracheostomy
  • B. Lobectomy
  • C. Thoracotomy
  • D. Pleurodesis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tracheostomy. This surgical procedure involves creating an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing by bypassing any obstructions in the upper airway. It is commonly performed in cases of severe respiratory distress or when a patient requires long-term mechanical ventilation.

Choice B: Lobectomy involves surgical removal of a lobe of the lung and does not directly relate to creating an opening in the windpipe for breathing assistance.

Choice C: Thoracotomy is a surgical incision into the chest wall but is not specifically related to creating an opening in the windpipe.

Choice D: Pleurodesis is a procedure to treat recurrent pleural effusion by creating adhesions between the layers of the pleura but does not involve creating an opening in the windpipe.

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