Nokea
What is a condition where the lung's air sacs (alveoli) are damaged and enlarged, leading to breathlessness?
- A. Emphysema
- B. Chronic bronchitis
- C. Asthma
- D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. Emphysema is a condition where the lung's air sacs are damaged and enlarged, leading to breathlessness. This occurs due to the destruction of the alveoli walls, causing reduced surface area for gas exchange and airflow obstruction. Chronic bronchitis (B) involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not alveoli damage. Asthma (C) is characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, not alveoli damage. Pulmonary fibrosis (D) is scarring of lung tissue, not enlargement of the alveoli.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the term for the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating a cardiac impulse?
- A. Excitability
- B. Contractility
- C. Rhythmicity
- D. Conductivity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excitability. Excitability refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating a cardiac impulse. This process is essential for the heart to function properly. Contractility (B) is the ability of cardiac muscle to shorten forcibly when stimulated. Rhythmicity (C) refers to the heart's ability to generate a regular rhythm of contractions. Conductivity (D) is the ability of cardiac cells to transmit electrical impulses. Excitability is the most fitting term in this context as it specifically describes the response of cardiac cells to a stimulus.
The nurse is administering a beta blocker to a client with a heart rate of 50 bpm. What is the priority action?
- A. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
- C. Decrease the dose of the beta blocker.
- D. Monitor the client's heart rate and reassess in 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a heart rate of 50 bpm is below the normal range, and beta blockers further decrease heart rate. Holding the medication and notifying the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent potential bradycardia and adverse effects. Administering the beta blocker (choice B) can further reduce the heart rate. Decreasing the dose (choice C) may not be enough to address the issue. Monitoring the heart rate (choice D) is important but not sufficient to address the potential harm caused by administering the beta blocker.
A patient admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chest pain has no abnormal serum cardiac markers 4 hours after the onset of pain. What noninvasive diagnostic test can be used to differentiate angina from other types of chest pain?
- A. 12-lead ECG
- B. Exercise stress test
- C. Coronary angiogram
- D. Transesophageal echocardiogram
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stress testing detects ischemia.
A client on a beta blocker has a heart rate of 52 bpm. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
- C. Increase the dose of the beta blocker.
- D. Continue to monitor the client and reassess in 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider. With a heart rate of 52 bpm, the client may be experiencing bradycardia, a potential side effect of beta blockers. Holding the medication and informing the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent further complications. Administering the beta blocker (B) can exacerbate bradycardia. Increasing the dose (C) can further decrease the heart rate. Continuing to monitor (D) without intervention can lead to worsening of the bradycardia.
Which artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node, and inferior portion of the left ventricle?
- A. Right coronary artery
- B. Left circumflex artery
- C. Posterior descending artery
- D. Aortic artery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right coronary artery. This artery supplies the mentioned structures as it branches off from the aorta and follows the coronary sulcus to reach the right side of the heart. It provides blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, part of the septum, SA node, AV node, and inferior left ventricle. The Left circumflex artery (B) mainly supplies the left atrium and lateral part of the left ventricle. The Posterior descending artery (C) typically arises from the right coronary artery and supplies the inferior part of the heart. The Aortic artery (D) is not a specific artery that directly supplies the structures mentioned.