ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet

ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet Related

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What is a defining characteristic of immunology as a scientific field?

  • A. It is largely static, with few modern discoveries
  • B. It is a dynamic field, continually evolving through research
  • C. It exclusively studies pathogen biology
  • D. It focuses solely on innate immunity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is a dynamic field, continually evolving through research. Immunology is constantly evolving due to new discoveries and advancements in technology. Research in immunology leads to a deeper understanding of the immune system and its interactions with pathogens, cancer, and other diseases. This ongoing evolution is essential for the development of new treatments and vaccines.

Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
A: It is largely static, with few modern discoveries - This is incorrect as immunology is a rapidly advancing field with numerous breakthroughs and discoveries.
C: It exclusively studies pathogen biology - This is incorrect as immunology also encompasses the study of the immune system's responses to various stimuli, not just pathogens.
D: It focuses solely on innate immunity - This is incorrect as immunology covers both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the interactions between them.

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What was Edward Jenner's major contribution to immunology?

  • A. Discovering antibodies
  • B. Proposing innate immunity theory
  • C. Developing the smallpox vaccine
  • D. Discovering the germ theory of disease
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Edward Jenner's major contribution to immunology was developing the smallpox vaccine. He introduced the concept of vaccination by using cowpox to protect against smallpox. This marked the beginning of modern immunization. Discovering antibodies (A) and proposing innate immunity theory (B) were not directly attributed to Jenner. Discovering the germ theory of disease (D) was later proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, not Jenner. Overall, choice C is correct as it aligns with Jenner's groundbreaking work in immunization.

What defect in cellular proliferation is involved in the development of cancer?

  • A. A rate of cell proliferation that is more rapid than that of normal body cells
  • B. Shortened phases of cell life cycles with occasional skipping of G1 or S phases
  • C. Rearrangement of stem cell RNA that causes abnormal cellular protein synthesis
  • D. Indiscriminate and continuous proliferation of cells with loss of contact inhibition
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cancer involves indiscriminate and continuous proliferation of cells with loss of contact inhibition, which allows cells to grow uncontrollably.

Individuals unable to make the J protein found in certain immunoglobulins would be expected to have frequent infections of the

  • A. intestinal tract
  • B. blood.
  • C. liver.
  • D. pancreas.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: intestinal tract. The J protein is crucial for the proper functioning of immunoglobulins in the mucosal immune system, which plays a major role in defending against pathogens in the intestinal tract. Without the J protein, individuals would have impaired immune responses in the gut, leading to frequent infections in the intestinal tract. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the J protein deficiency specifically affects the mucosal immune system in the intestinal tract, not the blood, liver, or pancreas.

A 69-year-old woman asks the nurse whether it is possible to 'catch' cancer because many of her friends of the same age have been diagnosed with different kinds of cancer. In responding to the woman, the nurse understands that what factor increases the incidence of tumors in older adults?

  • A. An increase in autoantibodies
  • B. Decreased activity of the bone marrow
  • C. Decreased differentiation of T lymphocytes
  • D. Decreased size and activity of the thymus gland
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The thymus gland shrinks with age, reducing the production of new T cells, which impairs immune surveillance and increases cancer risk.

What is the primary mechanism by which innate immunity differentiates between self and non-self?

  • A. Somatic recombination
  • B. Recognition of PAMPs via PRRs
  • C. Presentation of antigens by MHC molecules
  • D. Production of antibodies
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Recognition of PAMPs via PRRs. Innate immunity distinguishes self from non-self by recognizing Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) via Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). This recognition triggers an immediate response to eliminate potential threats. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because somatic recombination is a process in adaptive immunity, MHC molecules present antigens for recognition by T cells in adaptive immunity, and antibody production is part of adaptive immunity involving B cells.

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