Nokea
What is a disadvantage of open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture compared to closed reduction?
- A. Infection
- B. Skin irritation
- C. Nerve impairment
- D. Complications of immobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Open reduction involves surgery, which increases the risk of infection.
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Certain metabolic diseases can affect the nervous system. For instance, people with diabetes can develop a nervous system problem called diabetic neuropathy. What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?
- A. Constipation or diarrhea
- B. Rapid heart beat
- C. Pain in feet
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy can cause a wide range of symptoms, including gastrointestinal issues like constipation or diarrhea, cardiovascular symptoms like rapid heart rate, and sensory symptoms like pain in the feet. This condition results from nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels. Recognizing these symptoms is essential for managing diabetes-related complications.
What happens at the synapse?
- A. The synapse physically joins two neurons.
- B. The nerve impulse is transmitted only from one neuron to another neuron.
- C. The presynaptic terminal submits a nerve impulse through the synaptic cleft to the receptor site on the postsynaptic cell.
- D. When a presynaptic cell releases excitatory neurotransmitters, the postsynaptic cell depolarizes enough to generate an action potential.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The synaptic transmission involves the presynaptic terminal sending impulses across the synaptic cleft.
A 22-year-old female patient recovering from a craniotomy begins crying and asking for her mother who is sleeping in the visitors' lounge. The patient's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 15 and pupils are equal and reactive. What nursing action would be most appropriate at this time?
- A. Ask the mother to come and stay with the patient.
- B. Administer an as-needed sedative to calm the patient.
- C. Notify the neurosurgeon that the patient is upset and crying.
- D. Reassure the patient, and sit with her until she falls back asleep.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is stable with a GCS of 15 and normal pupillary response, indicating no immediate neurological concern. Emotional distress after surgery is common, and having a family member present can provide comfort. Sedation or notifying the surgeon is unnecessary unless there are signs of neurological deterioration.
What is a normal finding when assessing the sensory function of a patient?
- A. The patient should be able to identify light touch, pain, and temperature accurately.
- B. The patient should have a decreased sense of touch.
- C. The patient should report numbness or tingling.
- D. The patient should have difficulty identifying sensations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal sensory function includes the ability to accurately identify light touch, pain, and temperature. Decreased sensation, numbness, or difficulty identifying sensations are abnormal findings.
When testing the patient's cranial nerves, the nurse should:
- A. Perform specific tests for each nerve, such as asking the patient to smile or follow an object with their eyes.
- B. Measure the patient's blood glucose levels.
- C. Inspect the patient's joints for swelling.
- D. Check the patient's peripheral pulses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testing cranial nerves involves specific assessments for each nerve, such as facial movements (cranial nerve VII) or eye movements (cranial nerves III, IV, and VI). Blood glucose levels, joint swelling, and peripheral pulses are unrelated to cranial nerve testing.