Nokea
What is an ominous sign of advanced SLE disease?
- A. Proteinuria from early glomerulonephritis
- B. Anemia from antibodies against blood cells
- C. Dysrhythmias from fibrosis of the atrioventricular node
- D. Cognitive dysfunction from immune complex deposit in the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Brain involvement is a serious complication.
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The nurse practitioner is reviewing the chart of a patient who is scheduled to receive their first dose of sumatriptan (Imitrex) in the clinic today. Past medical history is positive for only migraines. Which of the following requires further evaluation before the medication is administered?
- A. Recent naproxen (Naprosyn) use
- B. Current blood pressure 142/90 mmHg
- C. Resting pulse rate of 61 bpm
- D. Adverse reaction to ubrogepant (Ubrelvy)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Current blood pressure 142/90 mmHg. Before administering sumatriptan, the nurse practitioner should further evaluate the patient's elevated blood pressure to ensure it is not contraindicated for the medication. Sumatriptan can potentially increase blood pressure, so it is crucial to monitor and address any hypertension before giving the medication.
Choice A: Recent naproxen use is not a direct contraindication for sumatriptan. Both medications are commonly used together for migraine treatment.
Choice C: A resting pulse rate of 61 bpm is within the normal range and does not require further evaluation before administering sumatriptan.
Choice D: Adverse reaction to ubrogepant is not relevant for evaluating the safety of sumatriptan. Each medication has its own set of potential side effects and interactions.
Which type of drug would be an antidote to atropine poisoning?
- A. nicotinic agonist
- B. anticholinergic
- C. muscarinic agonist
- D. α-blocker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: muscarinic agonist. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors. Therefore, the antidote for atropine poisoning would be a muscarinic agonist, which competes with atropine for binding to muscarinic receptors and reverses its effects. Nicotinic agonist (A) would not be effective as atropine acts on muscarinic receptors, not nicotinic receptors. Anticholinergic (B) is the same class as atropine, so it would not counteract its effects. α-blocker (D) works on a different receptor system and would not be effective in treating atropine poisoning.
After a demonstration of isometric (muscle-setting) exercises, which of the following comments by the patient tells you he has understood how to do the exercises?
- A. I pull on the traction rope to release the tension for 5 seconds and release.
- B. I draw the kneecap toward the thigh, hold for 5 seconds and relax.
- C. I lift myself up off the bed for 5 seconds by using the trapeze and relax.
- D. I turn to my right side, hold for 5 seconds and relax.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isometric exercises involve contracting muscles without movement; drawing the kneecap demonstrates correct technique.
The ________ is to feeling fear as the ________ is to feeling pleasure.
- A. pons/medulla
- B. amygdala/hypothalamus
- C. thalamus/hypothalamus
- D. cerebellum/amygdala
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The amygdala is a brain structure responsible for processing fear and emotional responses, while the hypothalamus is involved in regulating pleasure and reward. The amygdala detects threats and triggers fear responses, such as the fight-or-flight reaction. In contrast, the hypothalamus plays a role in reward pathways and the release of dopamine, which is associated with feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. These structures illustrate the brain's specialization in processing different emotions.
Any of the following syndromes is the involuntary movement EXCEPT:
- A. chorea
- B. tic
- C. tremor
- D. paresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paresis is the correct answer because it refers to weakness or partial paralysis, which is not an involuntary movement. In contrast, chorea, tics, and tremor are all types of hyperkinetic movements that occur without voluntary control and are associated with various neurological disorders.