Nokea
Referred pain from pancreatitis is at what level?
- A. T7/8
- B. L1/2
- C. T3/4
- D. T12/L1
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Referred pain from pancreatitis is typically felt at the T7-T8 dermatome, which corresponds to the epigastric region. This is due to shared spinal cord segments between the pancreas and the abdominal wall.
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In the context of brain imaging, what does FMRI stand for?
- A. fast moving recovery imaging
- B. first moveable recording indicator
- C. flexible motion resistance indicator
- D. functional magnetic resonance imaging
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. When a brain region is active, it consumes more oxygen, and fMRI captures this increased blood flow. This non-invasive method is widely used in neuroscience to study brain function and map neural activity during various tasks. fMRI has revolutionized our understanding of the brain's organization and function.
Following a knee arthroplasty, a patient has a continuous passive motion machine for the affected joint. The nurse explains to the patient that this device is used for what purpose?
- A. To relieve edema and pain at the incision site
- B. To promote early joint mobility and increase knee flexion
- C. To prevent venous stasis and the formation of a deep venous thrombosis
- D. To improve arterial circulation to the affected extremity to promote healing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Continuous passive motion enhances joint mobility.
The following are associated with cataract formation:
- A. dehydration
- B. smoking
- C. alcohol
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dehydration, smoking, and alcohol consumption are risk factors for cataract formation. These factors contribute to oxidative stress and lens protein damage, leading to opacification.
A 35 year-old reporter presents to your office for evaluation of back pain and weakness in his left leg. He was play-wrestling with his nephew and hurt his back 2 weeks ago. He states that he has noticed tingling in his left leg as well. He has not noticed incontinence of bowel or bladder function. You perform a physical examination and confirm that he is dragging his left foot when he walks and that his Achilles reflex is diminished. The diagnosis is a herniated disc. Which nerve root are you testing with the Achilles reflex?
- A. C5, C6
- B. L2, L3, L4
- C. S1, S2
- D. L4, L5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Achilles reflex tests the S1 and S2 nerve roots. A diminished Achilles reflex may indicate a herniated disc compressing these nerve roots. C5, C6, L2, L3, L4, and L4, L5 are tested by other reflexes, such as the biceps, patellar, and brachioradialis reflexes.
You are supervising a senior nursing student who is caring for a patient with a right hemisphere stroke. Which action by the student nurse requires that you intervene?
- A. The student instructs the patient to sit up straight, resulting in the patient's puzzled expression.
- B. The student moves the patient's tray to the right side of her over-bed tray.
- C. The student assists the patient with passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises.
- D. The student combs the left side of the patient's hair when the patient combs only the right side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Right hemisphere strokes can impair spatial perception; instructions may need to be simplified or demonstrated.