Nokea
Which of the following may reduce the risk of excessive bleeding in a client who is scheduled to undergo an orthopedic surgery?
- A. Withholding aspirin before the surgery.
- B. Withholding antacids before the surgery.
- C. Encouraging the intake of red meat before the surgery.
- D. Avoiding excess fluid intake before the surgery.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin can increase bleeding risk; withholding it reduces this risk.
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Any of the following cranial nerves has the parasympathetic nucleus EXCEPT:
- A. vagal
- B. oculomotor
- C. glossopharyngeal
- D. olfactory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Olfactory nerve is the correct answer because it is a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell and does not have a parasympathetic nucleus. In contrast, the vagus, oculomotor, and glossopharyngeal nerves all have parasympathetic components that regulate functions such as heart rate, pupil constriction, and salivation.
Sometimes the impairments caused by an infection are minor, but if the sufferer is hosting the virus over many years it may induce multiple symptoms of motor and cognitive dysfunction and create a syndrome of impairment that is known as:
- A. HIV praecox.
- B. HIV dysphasis.
- C. HIV delusion.
- D. HIV dementia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV dementia, also known as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or HIV-associated dementia (HAD), is a syndrome of cognitive and motor dysfunction caused by the long-term effects of HIV infection on the brain. Symptoms include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking, and motor impairments. This condition results from the direct impact of the virus on the central nervous system and the immune system's response to the infection.
While Susan's medication is being adjusted, which of the following aspects of nursing assessment would be most important to document?
- A. Muscular strength following medication administration
- B. Elimination patterns
- C. Emotional response to her diagnosis
- D. State of consciousness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Muscle strength is directly affected by myasthenia gravis and its treatment.
Which of the following statements about nerve growth factor is not true
- A. it is made up of 3 polypeptide subunits
- B. it is found in high concentration in the submaxillary salivary gland
- C. it is picked up by nerves from the organs they innervate
- D. it is present in brain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is not found in high concentration in the submaxillary salivary gland. It is primarily involved in the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons. NGF is a dimeric protein, not trimeric, and is present in the brain and other tissues. It is taken up by nerve endings and transported retrogradely to the cell body.
What is an ominous sign of advanced SLE disease?
- A. Proteinuria from early glomerulonephritis
- B. Anemia from antibodies against blood cells
- C. Dysrhythmias from fibrosis of the atrioventricular node
- D. Cognitive dysfunction from immune complex deposit in the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Brain involvement is a serious complication.