Nokea
In the context of brain imaging, what does FMRI stand for?
- A. fast moving recovery imaging
- B. first moveable recording indicator
- C. flexible motion resistance indicator
- D. functional magnetic resonance imaging
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. When a brain region is active, it consumes more oxygen, and fMRI captures this increased blood flow. This non-invasive method is widely used in neuroscience to study brain function and map neural activity during various tasks. fMRI has revolutionized our understanding of the brain's organization and function.
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The release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles:
- A. takes place by exocytosis
- B. is controlled by neuronal calcium influx
- C. is quantal
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurotransmitter release occurs via exocytosis, is triggered by calcium influx, and is quantal (released in discrete packets). These mechanisms ensure precise synaptic transmission.
Following a knee arthroplasty, a patient has a continuous passive motion machine for the affected joint. The nurse explains to the patient that this device is used for what purpose?
- A. To relieve edema and pain at the incision site
- B. To promote early joint mobility and increase knee flexion
- C. To prevent venous stasis and the formation of a deep venous thrombosis
- D. To improve arterial circulation to the affected extremity to promote healing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Continuous passive motion enhances joint mobility.
An older female client experiences a musculoskeletal injury to her hip. Which of the following methods would help a nurse identify any swelling in the client?
- A. Asking questions of the client to assess the severity of pain
- B. Palpating the muscles and joints
- C. Asking the client to move the injured area as much as possible
- D. Observing the client for any involuntary movements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Palpation is a direct method to assess swelling and other physical changes.
An axon conducts nerve impulses _________ the cell body.
- A. away from
- B. toward
- C. both toward and away from
- D. around, bypassing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. When an action potential is generated in the cell body, it travels along the axon to the axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. This unidirectional flow ensures that signals are transmitted efficiently and accurately to their intended targets.
The following are associated with cataract formation:
- A. dehydration
- B. smoking
- C. alcohol
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dehydration, smoking, and alcohol consumption are risk factors for cataract formation. These factors contribute to oxidative stress and lens protein damage, leading to opacification.