Nokea
Mr. Singer has been placed on a regimen of bed rest and is scheduled for a hip replacement because of severe rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following would be most important to include in the nursing care plan preoperatively?
- A. Adequate periods of rest
- B. Active and passive range-of-motion exercises
- C. Maintenance of adequate fluid and food
- D. Frequent turning and repositioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Range-of-motion exercises help maintain joint function and reduce stiffness.
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Any of the following syndromes is the involuntary movement EXCEPT:
- A. chorea
- B. tic
- C. tremor
- D. paresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paresis is the correct answer because it refers to weakness or partial paralysis, which is not an involuntary movement. In contrast, chorea, tics, and tremor are all types of hyperkinetic movements that occur without voluntary control and are associated with various neurological disorders.
Which medication is the precursor for dopamine?
- A. retrodopa
- B. levodopa
- C. monoamine oxidase
- D. carbidopa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine and is the most effective medication for managing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain.
What is a normal finding when assessing a patient's deep tendon reflexes?
- A. An involuntary contraction of the muscle being tested.
- B. Absence of any reflexive response.
- C. Decreased or diminished reflexes.
- D. Hyperactive reflexes with clonus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal deep tendon reflexes involve an involuntary muscle contraction in response to stimulation. Absence, diminished reflexes, or hyperactive reflexes with clonus are abnormal findings.
Which type of drug would be an antidote to atropine poisoning?
- A. nicotinic agonist
- B. anticholinergic
- C. muscarinic agonist
- D. α-blocker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: muscarinic agonist. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors. Therefore, the antidote for atropine poisoning would be a muscarinic agonist, which competes with atropine for binding to muscarinic receptors and reverses its effects. Nicotinic agonist (A) would not be effective as atropine acts on muscarinic receptors, not nicotinic receptors. Anticholinergic (B) is the same class as atropine, so it would not counteract its effects. α-blocker (D) works on a different receptor system and would not be effective in treating atropine poisoning.
The presence of ataxia suggests damage to any of the following EXCEPT:
- A. cerebellar
- B. thalamus
- C. vestibular nucleus
- D. vagal nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vagal nerve is the correct answer because ataxia, which is a lack of coordination, is typically associated with damage to the cerebellum, thalamus, or vestibular system. The vagal nerve, however, is primarily involved in autonomic functions and does not play a direct role in motor coordination.