Nokea
Nurse Davis is about to perform an initial assessment on Mrs. Allen, a 64-year-old woman admitted with advanced Parkinson's Disease. Nurse Davis is aware that certain characteristics are indicative of this stage of the disease. Which of the following does Nurse Davis recognize as a characteristic of a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease?
- A. Disturbed vision.
- B. Mask-like facial expression.
- C. Muscle atrophy.
- D. Forgetfulness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A mask-like facial expression is a common feature of advanced Parkinson's disease due to reduced facial muscle movement.
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With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.
- A. potassium ions
- B. H+ ions
- C. sodium ions
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the depolarization phase of an action potential, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the axon. This influx of positively charged ions causes the membrane potential to become more positive, leading to the rapid rise in voltage observed during an action potential. Sodium ion influx is essential for initiating and propagating nerve impulses.
Any of the following cranial nerves has the parasympathetic nucleus EXCEPT:
- A. vagal
- B. oculomotor
- C. glossopharyngeal
- D. olfactory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Olfactory nerve is the correct answer because it is a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell and does not have a parasympathetic nucleus. In contrast, the vagus, oculomotor, and glossopharyngeal nerves all have parasympathetic components that regulate functions such as heart rate, pupil constriction, and salivation.
The presence of ataxia suggests damage to any of the following EXCEPT:
- A. cerebellar
- B. thalamus
- C. vestibular nucleus
- D. vagal nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vagal nerve is the correct answer because ataxia, which is a lack of coordination, is typically associated with damage to the cerebellum, thalamus, or vestibular system. The vagal nerve, however, is primarily involved in autonomic functions and does not play a direct role in motor coordination.
Mr. Singer has been placed on a regimen of bed rest and is scheduled for a hip replacement because of severe rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following would be most important to include in the nursing care plan preoperatively?
- A. Adequate periods of rest
- B. Active and passive range-of-motion exercises
- C. Maintenance of adequate fluid and food
- D. Frequent turning and repositioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Range-of-motion exercises help maintain joint function and reduce stiffness.
For a patient with a one-sided spinal injury, the nurse must be careful about the temperature of the bath water because the patient's temperature sensation is lost
- A. contralaterally below the injury
- B. ipsilaterally below the injury
- C. bilaterally below the injury
- D. contralaterally above the injury
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Temperature sensation is lost contralaterally below the injury level.