Nokea
The release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles:
- A. takes place by exocytosis
- B. is controlled by neuronal calcium influx
- C. is quantal
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurotransmitter release occurs via exocytosis, is triggered by calcium influx, and is quantal (released in discrete packets). These mechanisms ensure precise synaptic transmission.
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Like the brain, the spinal cord is surrounded by bone, meninges, and ________.
- A. cerebrospinal fluid
- B. white matter
- C. gray matter
- D. water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The spinal cord, like the brain, is protected by bone (vertebrae), meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides cushioning, nutrients, and waste removal for the central nervous system. White matter and gray matter are components of the spinal cord's internal structure, while water is not a specific protective element. Therefore, cerebrospinal fluid is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a side effect of dopamine agonists?
- A. Drowsiness
- B. Nausea
- C. Impulse control disorder
- D. Livedo reticularis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Livedo reticularis is not a side effect of dopamine agonists. Common side effects include drowsiness, nausea, and impulse control disorders.
To determine the size and location and to ascertain whether a stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic, the nurse anticipates that the health care provider will request
- A. lumbar puncture.
- B. cerebral arteriogram.
- C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- D. computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CT scan with contrast can differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes by identifying areas of bleeding or infarction
In taking a health history in a patient with periarteritis nodosa, it would be most important to ask questions related to dysfunction of which system?
- A. Cardiovascular
- B. Renal
- C. Visual
- D. Immunologic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Periarteritis nodosa primarily affects blood vessels, impacting cardiovascular function.
Certain metabolic diseases can affect the nervous system. For instance, people with diabetes can develop a nervous system problem called diabetic neuropathy. What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?
- A. Constipation or diarrhea
- B. Rapid heart beat
- C. Pain in feet
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy can cause a wide range of symptoms, including gastrointestinal issues like constipation or diarrhea, cardiovascular symptoms like rapid heart rate, and sensory symptoms like pain in the feet. This condition results from nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels. Recognizing these symptoms is essential for managing diabetes-related complications.