Nokea
The following are associated with cataract formation:
- A. dehydration
- B. smoking
- C. alcohol
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dehydration, smoking, and alcohol consumption are risk factors for cataract formation. These factors contribute to oxidative stress and lens protein damage, leading to opacification.
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A nursing student is teaching a patient and family about epilepsy prior to the patient's discharge. For which statement should you intervene?
- A. You should avoid consumption of all forms of alcohol.
- B. Wear your medical alert bracelet at all times.
- C. Protect your loved one's airway during a seizure.
- D. It's OK to take over-the-counter medications.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Over-the-counter medications can interact with antiepileptic drugs, so this advice is incorrect and requires intervention.
Priority Decision: Before repositioning the patient on the side after a lumbar laminectomy, what should be the nurse's first action?
- A. Raise the head of the bed 30 degrees.
- B. Have the patient flex the knees and hips.
- C. Place a pillow between the patient's legs.
- D. Have the patient grasp the side rail on the opposite side of the bed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Raising the head of the bed stabilizes the spine.
Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
- A. optic, CN II
- B. facial, CN VII
- C. trigeminal, CN V
- D. hypoglossal, CN XII
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: facial nerve, CN VII. The facial nerve contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands. These fibers originate from the superior salivatory nucleus in the pons. Option A (optic nerve) is involved in vision and not related to parasympathetic function. Option C (trigeminal nerve) is primarily involved in sensory innervation of the face and motor function of the muscles of mastication. Option D (hypoglossal nerve) is responsible for motor control of the tongue and is not associated with parasympathetic fibers.
During the patient's process of grieving for the losses resulting from spinal cord injury, what should the nurse do?
- A. Help the patient to understand that working through the grief will be a lifelong process
- B. Assist the patient to move through all stages of the mourning process to acceptance
- C. Let the patient know that anger directed at the staff or the family is not a positive coping mechanism
- D. Facilitate the grieving process so that it is completed by the time the patient is discharged from rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grieving is a long-term process requiring ongoing support.
When caring for a patient in the severe stage of AD, what diversion or distraction activities would be appropriate?
- A. Watching TV
- B. Playing games
- C. Books to read
- D. Mobiles or dangling ribbons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In severe AD, simpler sensory stimulation like mobiles or dangling ribbons may be more appropriate.