Nokea
Which medication is the precursor for dopamine?
- A. retrodopa
- B. levodopa
- C. monoamine oxidase
- D. carbidopa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine and is the most effective medication for managing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain.
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Which of the following is a branch of the mandibular nerve
- A. Infraorbital nerve
- B. External nasal nerve
- C. Zygomaticofacial nerve
- D. Auricolotemporal nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. It supplies sensation to the temple and external ear.
With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.
- A. potassium ions
- B. H+ ions
- C. sodium ions
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the depolarization phase of an action potential, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the axon. This influx of positively charged ions causes the membrane potential to become more positive, leading to the rapid rise in voltage observed during an action potential. Sodium ion influx is essential for initiating and propagating nerve impulses.
What is the characteristic of a ketogenic diet suggested for children with seizures?
- A. High-carbohydrate diet
- B. High-protein diet
- C. High-fat diet
- D. Low-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fat diet induces ketosis, which can reduce seizure frequency.
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Midbrain
- C. Floor of the third ventricle
- D. Pons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the pons. It controls muscles of facial expression, such as the orbicularis oculi and buccinator.
KL is a 34-year-old male admitted to the hospital (large trauma center) after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a serious motor vehicle accident. He was in excellent health prior to the accident. HT: 6'2" WT: 190 pounds (86 kg) What is likely the best way to feed KL while he is in the hospital?
- A. nasogastric tube
- B. nasoenteric tube
- C. parenteral nutrients
- D. baby food orally
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nasoenteric tube is often the preferred method for feeding patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who cannot safely swallow. It allows for enteral nutrition delivery directly into the small intestine, reducing the risk of aspiration compared to a nasogastric tube.