Nokea
Which of the following statements about nerve growth factor is not true
- A. it is made up of 3 polypeptide subunits
- B. it is found in high concentration in the submaxillary salivary gland
- C. it is picked up by nerves from the organs they innervate
- D. it is present in brain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is not found in high concentration in the submaxillary salivary gland. It is primarily involved in the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons. NGF is a dimeric protein, not trimeric, and is present in the brain and other tissues. It is taken up by nerve endings and transported retrogradely to the cell body.
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Nurse Davis is about to perform an initial assessment on Mrs. Allen, a 64-year-old woman admitted with advanced Parkinson's Disease. Nurse Davis is aware that certain characteristics are indicative of this stage of the disease. Which of the following does Nurse Davis recognize as a characteristic of a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease?
- A. Disturbed vision.
- B. Mask-like facial expression.
- C. Muscle atrophy.
- D. Forgetfulness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A mask-like facial expression is a common feature of advanced Parkinson's disease due to reduced facial muscle movement.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential: 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell
- A. 3,2,4,1
- B. 2,1,4,3
- C. 2,1,3,4
- D. 1,2,4,3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence is: sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward (2), the membrane becomes depolarized (1), potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell (4), and the membrane becomes repolarized (3). Thus, B is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a typical clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
- A. Double vision
- B. Sudden bursts of energy
- C. Weakness in the extremities
- D. Muscle tremors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden bursts of energy are not associated with MS. Fatigue, weakness, and muscle tremors are common symptoms.
During the patient's process of grieving for the losses resulting from spinal cord injury, what should the nurse do?
- A. Help the patient to understand that working through the grief will be a lifelong process
- B. Assist the patient to move through all stages of the mourning process to acceptance
- C. Let the patient know that anger directed at the staff or the family is not a positive coping mechanism
- D. Facilitate the grieving process so that it is completed by the time the patient is discharged from rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grieving is a long-term process requiring ongoing support.
With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.
- A. potassium ions
- B. H+ ions
- C. sodium ions
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the depolarization phase of an action potential, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the axon. This influx of positively charged ions causes the membrane potential to become more positive, leading to the rapid rise in voltage observed during an action potential. Sodium ion influx is essential for initiating and propagating nerve impulses.