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What is a key component of a successful community health program?
- A. Engaging community members
- B. Sufficient funding
- C. Effective leadership
- D. Lowering health care expenses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Engaging community members. In community health programs, involving community members fosters ownership, trust, and sustainability. It promotes active participation, cultural relevance, and tailored interventions. Sufficient funding (B) is important but not a guarantee of success without community engagement. Effective leadership (C) is crucial, but without community involvement, the program may lack grassroots support. Lowering health care expenses (D) is a potential outcome, not a primary component of success.
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When writing a community diagnosis, the community health nurse notes that the 'among' phrase:
- A. Presents a synthesis of all assessment data.
- B. Provides the supporting data.
- C. Specifies the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan.
- D. Describes the cause of the health problem and directs focus of interventions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because specifying the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan is a key component of a community diagnosis. This step helps in identifying the target population for interventions and ensures that resources are allocated effectively.
A: Presenting a synthesis of all assessment data is important but not specific to the 'among' phrase.
B: Providing supporting data is necessary but does not directly relate to the 'among' phrase.
D: Describing the cause of the health problem and directing focus of interventions is crucial but not the primary focus of the 'among' phrase.
A nurse who works on the surgical unit at the local hospital was asked by the home health unit to make a home visit to a patient who had been discharged the previous day and to give follow-up care (for overload pay). What kind of nursing would this nurse be doing?
- A. Acute care hospital nursing
- B. Community-based nursing
- C. Community health nursing
- D. Public health nursing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community-based nursing. In this scenario, the nurse is providing follow-up care to a patient at home, which falls under community-based nursing. This type of nursing focuses on providing care outside of the hospital setting, in the community where the patient resides. It involves assessing the patient's home environment, educating the patient and family, and promoting health and wellness in the community.
Incorrect choices:
A: Acute care hospital nursing - This choice is incorrect because the nurse is not providing care in the hospital setting but rather in the patient's home.
C: Community health nursing - While similar to community-based nursing, community health nursing typically involves broader population-based health promotion and disease prevention efforts rather than individual patient care.
D: Public health nursing - Public health nursing focuses on promoting health at the population level through programs and policies, not individual patient care in the home setting.
When assisting clients in changing their behavior, what would be the most effective approach?
- A. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach
- B. Encouraging them to interact with others who also need to change their behavior
- C. Showing them how the inappropriate behavior is hurting their friends and family
- D. Using subtle rewards when small steps are taken toward the appropriate behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach is evidence-based and widely recognized for behavior change. Asking about behavior, advising to change, assessing readiness, assisting in making changes, and arranging follow-ups are key steps in effective behavior change interventions. Encouraging interaction with others (B) may help, but not as structured as A. Guilt-tripping (C) can lead to resistance and harm the therapeutic relationship. Subtle rewards (D) may provide short-term motivation but lack the systematic approach of A.
What is the learning process aimed at improving health status through changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices?
- A. Motivating
- B. Counseling
- C. Disease prevention
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Health education. This learning process focuses on improving health through knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health education aims to empower individuals to make informed decisions for their well-being. Motivating (A) is about encouraging action, counseling (B) involves providing guidance and support, and disease prevention (C) targets specific strategies to reduce the risk of illnesses. In this context, health education encompasses a broader approach to promoting overall health and wellness.
In a community with competencies, what characteristic demonstrates their ability effectively?
- A. Identify their needs, achieve consensus, and plan and implement goals
- B. Delegate community processes to an outside expert
- C. Conduct their own cross-sectional epidemiological studies
- D. Predict morbidity and mortality rates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates a comprehensive approach to community competency. Identifying needs shows awareness, achieving consensus promotes unity, and planning and implementing goals indicate organizational skills. B is incorrect as it lacks community involvement. C is incorrect as it focuses on a specific research method rather than overall competencies. D is incorrect as it pertains to forecasting health outcomes rather than community effectiveness. Therefore, A is the most appropriate choice for showcasing the ability to effectively address community needs.