Nokea
Which best describes an example of primary prevention in maternal newborn care?
- A. Providing prenatal education classes
- B. Screening for gestational diabetes
- C. Providing postpartum support groups
- D. Offering breastfeeding support
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or health condition before it happens. Providing prenatal education classes falls under primary prevention as it educates expecting mothers on healthy behaviors during pregnancy to prevent complications. This empowers them with knowledge and skills to promote their own and their baby's wellbeing. Screening for gestational diabetes (B) is a form of secondary prevention, as it detects a condition early to prevent its progression. Providing postpartum support groups (C) and offering breastfeeding support (D) are important interventions for promoting maternal and newborn health, but they are considered more as supportive or tertiary prevention measures rather than primary prevention.
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What is the MOST COMMON cause of vaginal bleeding immediately after birth?
- A. Uterine atony
- B. Genital lacerations
- C. Abnormal clotting mechanisms
- D. Endometritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uterine atony. After birth, the uterus may not contract properly, leading to excessive bleeding known as postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine atony is the most common cause, as the uterus fails to remain contracted after delivery. This results in inadequate compression of blood vessels, leading to bleeding. Genital lacerations can cause bleeding but are less common than uterine atony. Abnormal clotting mechanisms and endometritis are less likely causes of immediate postpartum bleeding compared to uterine atony.
In population health management, a nurse overseeing a panel of 1,500 patients will primarily engage in which of the following activities?
- A. Proactively assessing the health needs of the entire panel and planning accordingly
- B. Focusing on providing care to young and seemingly vulnerable patients
- C. Spending most time with patients who regularly attend their visits
- D. Prioritizing care by responding to the oldest patients first
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Proactively assessing the health needs of the entire panel and planning accordingly. This is because in population health management, the primary goal is to improve the health outcomes of a large group of individuals. By proactively assessing the health needs of the entire panel, the nurse can identify trends and patterns, prioritize interventions, and allocate resources effectively. This approach allows for early identification of health issues, implementation of preventive measures, and tailored care plans.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on specific subgroups or individuals within the panel rather than the entire population. Focusing only on young or seemingly vulnerable patients (B) may neglect the health needs of other demographic groups. Spending most time with patients who regularly attend their visits (C) may result in overlooking those who do not attend regularly. Prioritizing care by responding to the oldest patients first (D) does not consider the diverse health needs present across the entire panel.
A patient who has multiple health issues is discharged after a recent hospitalization. Which of the following comprehensive programs would a community health nurse refer the patient to if the patient is not under medical supervision but does have insurance?
- A. private health care practitioner
- B. a patient-centered medical home
- C. hospital clinic
- D. subacute facility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: a patient-centered medical home. A patient-centered medical home provides comprehensive, coordinated care for patients with multiple health issues. It offers a team-based approach to managing care, including primary care, specialists, and other services. The patient does not need to be under medical supervision, but having insurance is beneficial for accessing the services offered. Referring the patient to a private health care practitioner (A) may not provide the level of coordination needed. Hospital clinics (C) typically focus on acute care, not comprehensive management. Subacute facilities (D) are for patients who need ongoing medical supervision and rehabilitation, which may not be necessary in this case.
While using technique of motivational interviewing with a college student engaged in binge drinking several times per week, the public health RN should begin with which intervention:
- A. Discussing how the student is managing his overall academic studies since drinking has become a problem
- B. Explaining to the student the full range of harmful impacts binge drinking has on the body and mind
- C. Asking open-ended questions and actively listening to the student while trying to remove any judgement
- D. Asking the student to make a validated survey that reveals attitudes and knowledge about binge drinking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in motivational interviewing, it is crucial to establish a non-judgmental, empathetic, and supportive environment. By asking open-ended questions and actively listening, the RN can understand the student's perspective, build rapport, and help the student explore ambivalence about their behavior. This approach aligns with the spirit of motivational interviewing, which aims to evoke the student's intrinsic motivation for change.
Choice A is incorrect because focusing on academic performance may not be the student's priority at the moment. Choice B is incorrect as providing information on harmful impacts may trigger resistance or defensiveness in the student. Choice D is incorrect as starting with a survey may feel impersonal and does not prioritize building a therapeutic alliance.
How can health professionals address social determinants of health?
- A. Providing direct care to underserved populations
- B. Advocating for policy changes
- C. Conducting health screenings
- D. Educating about healthy lifestyle behaviors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for policy changes can address systemic issues that impact social determinants of health on a larger scale. Health professionals have the potential to influence policies that can improve access to healthcare, housing, education, and other social factors that impact health outcomes. Providing direct care (A) addresses immediate needs but does not address root causes. Health screenings (C) focus on early detection but do not tackle underlying social determinants. Educating about healthy lifestyle behaviors (D) is important but may not address the broader social context that influences health.