Nokea
What is a key dietary consideration for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?
- A. High-fiber diet
- B. Low-phenylalanine diet
- C. Increased dairy intake
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A low-phenylalanine diet is crucial for managing PKU to prevent neurological damage and maintain normal development. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it. Consuming foods low in phenylalanine helps prevent the buildup of toxic byproducts in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A high-fiber diet, increased dairy intake, and high-sodium diet are not specific dietary considerations for PKU management. In fact, dairy products are a source of protein and phenylalanine, which should be limited in PKU.
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How should the nurse manage a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy?
- A. Avoid all physical activity
- B. Ensure strict infection control measures
- C. Increase daily caloric intake
- D. Limit fluid intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure strict infection control measures. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are undergoing chemotherapy have compromised immune systems, making them highly susceptible to infections. Implementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, limiting exposure to sick individuals, and maintaining a clean environment, is essential to prevent infections. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding all physical activity may not be necessary as long as the child's activity level is appropriate. Choice C is incorrect because increasing daily caloric intake is important to support the child's nutritional needs during treatment. Choice D is incorrect because limiting fluid intake is not typically recommended unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider.
What is an essential aspect of managing a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
- A. Encouraging joint mobility and physical therapy
- B. Restricting all forms of exercise
- C. Increasing sugar intake
- D. Using only oral medications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging joint mobility and physical therapy is crucial in managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This approach helps maintain joint function, reduce stiffness, and improve the overall quality of life for children with JIA. Restricting all forms of exercise (Choice B) is not recommended, as appropriate physical activity is beneficial for joint health and overall well-being. Increasing sugar intake (Choice C) is not a recommended practice for managing JIA, as a healthy diet is important for overall well-being and can help reduce inflammation. Using only oral medications (Choice D) may not be sufficient for managing JIA, as a comprehensive treatment plan often includes a combination of medications, physical therapy, and other interventions to effectively manage the condition.
What is the primary goal in managing a child with asthma?
- A. Prevent triggering asthma attacks
- B. Avoid triggering asthma attacks
- C. Administer corticosteroids
- D. Increase physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to avoid triggering asthma attacks. This involves managing allergens, ensuring proper medication use, and creating an asthma action plan. Choice A is incorrect because the goal is to avoid triggering asthma attacks, not necessarily to prevent recurrent infections. Choice C is incorrect as corticosteroids are a treatment option but not the primary goal of asthma management. Choice D is incorrect because although physical activity is important, the primary goal is to prevent asthma attacks and manage symptoms effectively.
Farah is viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness. Her food choice will most likely be based on ___.
- A. regional cuisines
- B. preferences
- C. emotional comfort
- D. positive association
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During stressful situations like watching an exciting sports match, individuals often seek emotional comfort through food. This emotional connection can lead Farah to choose foods that provide comfort or familiarity rather than being based on regional cuisines (choice A), general preferences (choice B), or positive associations (choice D). Farah's food choice is likely driven by the need for emotional comfort to alleviate her nervousness, making option C the most suitable answer.
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kilocalories, which includes 30 grams of fat. What percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
- A. 8.50%
- B. 15.00%
- C. 19.00%
- D. 25.50%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To calculate the percentage of total energy contributed by fat, first determine the energy from fat by multiplying the fat amount (30g) by the energy density of fat (9 kcal/g), which equals 270 kcal. Then, divide the energy from fat (270 kcal) by the total energy intake (1400 kcal) and multiply by 100 to find the percentage: (270 kcal / 1400 kcal) * 100 = 19.29% ≈ 19.00%. Therefore, fat contributes approximately 19% of the total energy in the diet. Choice A (8.50%) is too low, while choices B (15.00%) and D (25.50%) are incorrect calculations based on the given information.