Nokea
What is an acute respiratory infection that inflames the alveoli in one or both lungs, causing them to fill with fluid or pus?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Tuberculosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that specifically inflames the alveoli in the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This condition can affect one or both lungs. Bronchitis (B) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the alveoli. Tuberculosis (C) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but does not always involve alveoli inflammation. Asthma (D) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction, not alveoli inflammation like in pneumonia.
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What condition involves the heart's electrical system malfunctioning, causing very fast heartbeats originating from the ventricles?
- A. Ventricular tachycardia
- B. Atrial fibrillation
- C. Supraventricular tachycardia
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by rapid heartbeats originating from the ventricles, resulting in an abnormal heart rhythm. This condition can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. Atrial fibrillation involves rapid, irregular heartbeats originating from the atria, not the ventricles (B). Supraventricular tachycardia also originates above the ventricles and is not specific to ventricular malfunction (C). Bradycardia, on the other hand, is a condition characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate, which is the opposite of the fast heartbeats seen in ventricular tachycardia (D).
High SVR is most likely to cause damage to which organ?
- A. Brain
- B. Heart
- C. Retina
- D. Kidney
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated SVR strains renal arterioles, leading to kidney damage.
An evaluation of Mrs. M.'s response to anticoagulant therapy for her arterial occlusion should include
- A. increased claudication
- B. decreased blood pressure
- C. compliance to skin care
- D. improvement of symptoms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Improvement in symptoms is a key indicator of effective anticoagulant therapy.
What type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain?
- A. Ischemic stroke
- B. Hemorrhagic stroke
- C. Transient ischemic attack
- D. Embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ischemic stroke. This type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This blockage can be due to a blood clot or plaque buildup. Ischemic strokes account for the majority of stroke cases.
Incorrect choices:
B: Hemorrhagic stroke - This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding in the brain.
C: Transient ischemic attack - Also known as a mini-stroke, it is caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often resolving on its own without permanent damage.
D: Embolism - This refers to a condition where a blood clot or other foreign material travels through the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel in the brain.
To assess whether Mr. Young's synchronous pacemaker is working properly, which statement do you need to remember about a synchronous pacemaker?
- A. His pacemaker will fire regardless of Mr. Young's own spontaneous heart rate
- B. His pacemaker will fire only when his own heart rate drops below 72 beats per minute
- C. If his pacemaker does not fire 72 times every minute, it is not working properly
- D. This type of pacemaker can precipitate ventricular fibrillation because of its increased chance of firing on the T wave
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Demand pacemakers fire only when needed.