Nokea
What is an advantage of a tracheostomy over an endotracheal (ET) tube for long-term management of an upper airway obstruction?
- A. A tracheostomy is safer to perform in an emergency.
- B. An ET tube has a higher risk of tracheal pressure necrosis.
- C. A tracheostomy tube allows for more comfort and mobility.
- D. An ET tube is more likely to lead to lower respiratory tract infection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A tracheostomy tube allows for more comfort and mobility compared to an endotracheal tube, making it preferable for long-term management of an upper airway obstruction. The ability to speak, eat, and move more freely with a tracheostomy tube can significantly improve the quality of life for the patient.
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The portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchioles is called......
- A. terminal bronchioles
- B. bronchioles tree
- C. Pulmonary lobule
- D. primary bronchioles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pulmonary lobule. A pulmonary lobule is the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. This is because each bronchiole branches into smaller airways ending in clusters of alveoli called pulmonary lobules. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways in the respiratory tract, not the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. B) Bronchiole tree is not a specific anatomical term. D) Primary bronchioles are the branches of the main bronchi and are not associated with the specific portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole.
A female client must take streptomycin for tuberculosis. Before therapy begins, the nurse should instruct the client to notify the physician if a health concern occurs?
- A. Impaired color discrimination
- B. Increased urinary frequency
- C. Decreased hearing acuity
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased hearing acuity. Streptomycin is known to cause ototoxicity, which can lead to decreased hearing acuity. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to notify the physician if any changes in hearing occur to prevent permanent hearing loss. Impaired color discrimination (A) and increased appetite (D) are not commonly associated with streptomycin use. Increased urinary frequency (B) is not a typical side effect of streptomycin and would not require immediate physician notification.
The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the
- A. vital capacity.
- B. tidal volume
- C. pleural volume.
- D. alveolar volume.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. It is calculated by adding tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume together. This measurement reflects the maximum lung capacity and is important in assessing lung function. Tidal volume (B) is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing cycles. Pleural volume (C) refers to the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Alveolar volume (D) is the amount of air in the alveoli available for gas exchange. These choices are incorrect as they do not represent the maximum air intake capacity of the lungs.
A nurse teaches a client who is prescribed nicotine replacement therapy. Which statement would the nurse include in this client's teaching?
- A. Make a list of reasons why smoking is a bad habit.
- B. Rise slowly when getting out of bed in the morning.
- C. Smoking while taking this medication will increase your risk of a stroke.
- D. Stopping this medication suddenly increases your risk for a heart attack.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking while taking this medication will increase your risk of a stroke. This statement is important because nicotine replacement therapy aims to help the client quit smoking, and smoking while on this therapy can lead to nicotine overdose, increasing the risk of adverse effects like stroke.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the client's nicotine replacement therapy. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains to orthostatic hypotension, not nicotine replacement therapy. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses the consequences of abruptly stopping the medication, not the risks associated with smoking while on it.
The nurse is caring for a patient immediately postoperative after a left pneumonectomy. How should the nurse position the patient?
- A. In high Fowler position
- B. In semi-Fowler position
- C. In a right side-lying position
- D. In a left side-lying position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct:
1. Post-pneumonectomy, positioning the patient on the left side allows the remaining lung to expand fully.
2. This position promotes better ventilation and perfusion, aiding in oxygenation.
3. Placing the patient on the left side also helps prevent pressure on the surgical site.
4. The left side-lying position also facilitates drainage and prevents pooling of secretions in the surgical area.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A. High Fowler position may cause increased pressure on the surgical site and impede lung expansion.
B. Semi-Fowler position may not optimize lung expansion and could lead to decreased oxygenation.
C. Right side-lying position is not ideal as it does not facilitate full expansion of the remaining lung and may cause pooling of secretions.