Nokea
The process of respiration is concerned with
- A. Intake O2
- B. Liberation of O2
- C. Liberation of CO2
- D. liberation of energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: liberation of energy. Respiration involves the conversion of glucose into ATP, releasing energy that cells can use for various functions. Oxygen is taken in during respiration (A), not liberated (B). Carbon dioxide is released (C) as a byproduct of respiration, not liberated. Option D is correct as it accurately captures the primary purpose of respiration.
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Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?
- A. decreased temperature
- B. decreased pH
- C. increased tissue PO2
- D. decreased amounts of BPG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: decreased pH. A decrease in pH (increased acidity) causes a rightward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, facilitating the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to peripheral tissues. This occurs due to the Bohr effect, where a decrease in pH weakens the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen, allowing for easier oxygen release.
Incorrect answers:
A: Decreased temperature would actually shift the dissociation curve to the left, making it more difficult for oxygen to be released from hemoglobin.
C: Increased tissue PO2 would lead to less oxygen being released from hemoglobin as the gradient for oxygen release decreases.
D: Decreased amounts of BPG would result in less oxygen being released as BPG helps facilitate oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in tissues.
Plastron is the air bubble carrying respiratory air in the abdomen of
- A. Belostoma
- B. Nepa (Water boat man)
- C. Chironomous
- D. Mosquito
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nepa (Water boat man). Plastron is an air bubble that aquatic insects such as Nepa carry to respire underwater. Belostoma and Chironomous do not have plastrons. Mosquitoes breathe through a siphon, not a plastron. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Delegation Decision: The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which intervention could be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
- A. Assist the patient to get out of bed.
- B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4 hours.
- C. Plan patient activities to minimize exertion.
- D. Teach the patient pursed lip breathing technique.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assisting the patient to get out of bed can be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) as it does not require specialized nursing knowledge or skills. It is a basic activity of daily living that can be delegated to support staff while allowing nurses to focus on more complex patient care tasks.
A client has been hospitalized with tuberculosis (TB). The client's spouse is fearful of entering the room where the client is in isolation and refuses to visit. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Ask the spouse to explain the fear of visiting in further detail.
- B. Inform the spouse that the precautions are meant to keep other clients safe.
- C. Show the spouse how to follow the Isolation Precautions to avoid illness.
- D. Tell the spouse that he or she has already been exposed, so it's safe to visit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ask the spouse to explain the fear of visiting in further detail. By asking the spouse to explain their fear, the nurse can address and alleviate specific concerns, providing tailored support. This approach promotes open communication and understanding, which may help the spouse feel more comfortable visiting.
B: Informing the spouse about precautions may not address the underlying fear and could come across as dismissive.
C: Showing how to follow precautions does not directly address the spouse's fear and may not be sufficient to alleviate concerns.
D: Telling the spouse they have already been exposed may not address their fear and could potentially increase anxiety.
After receiving a change-of-shift report on four patients admitted to a heart failure unit ,which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. A patient who reported dizziness after receiving the first dose of captopril.
- B. A patient who has new-onset confusion and restlessness and cool clammy skin.
- C. A patient who is receiving IV nesiritide (Natrecor)
- D. A patient who is receiving oxygen and has crackles bilaterally in the lung bases.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because new-onset confusion, restlessness, and cool clammy skin are signs of poor perfusion and potential deterioration. The nurse should assess this patient first to address possible acute changes in condition. Option A, dizziness after captopril, can be important but not immediately life-threatening. Option C receiving IV nesiritide is stable and monitored closely. Option D with oxygen and crackles indicates pulmonary congestion but is not an immediate priority compared to the signs of poor perfusion in option B.