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The nurse has assessed a patient's family history for three generations. The presence of
which respiratory disease would justify this type of assessment?
- A. Asthma
- B. Obstructive sleep apnea
- C. Community-acquired pneumonia
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Asthma is a hereditary respiratory disease, making it important to assess family history.
2. Genetic predisposition plays a role in the development of asthma.
3. Understanding family history helps in identifying potential risk factors.
4. Obstructive sleep apnea, community-acquired pneumonia, and pulmonary edema are not typically hereditary respiratory diseases.
5. Therefore, assessing family history for three generations is justified for asthma.
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A 62-yr-old client who has no history of hypertension or other health problems suddenly develops a blood pressure (BP) of 198/110 mm Hg. After reconfirming the BP.What is most appropriate for the nurse to tell the client
- A. BP recheck should be scheduled in a few weeks.
- B. dietary sodium and fat content should be decreased.
- C. diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring will be needed.
- D. there is danger of a stroke, requiring hospitalization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a sudden spike in blood pressure to 198/110 mm Hg is considered hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical attention. The nurse should inform the client that diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring are necessary to address the high blood pressure. This is important to prevent serious complications like stroke or heart attack.
Option A is incorrect because waiting a few weeks for a BP recheck could be dangerous in this scenario. Option B is also incorrect as simple dietary changes may not be sufficient to address such high blood pressure levels. Option D is incorrect as hospitalization may or may not be required based on the assessment and treatment plan determined by the healthcare provider.
Of the four parts of respiration the part when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the body's tissue cells is:
- A. pulmonary ventilation
- B. external respiration
- C. transport of respiratory gases
- D. internal respiration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: internal respiration. This is the part of respiration where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the body's tissue cells. During internal respiration, oxygen is delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide is removed. Pulmonary ventilation (choice A) refers to the process of breathing where air is moved in and out of the lungs. External respiration (choice B) is the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood. Transport of respiratory gases (choice C) involves the circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Internal respiration specifically focuses on the exchange of gases within the tissue cells, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Stimulation of the apneustic center would result in
- A. increased respiratory rate
- B. more intense inhalation
- C. a shorter respiratory cycle
- D. less activity in the DRG center
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: more intense inhalation. The apneustic center is responsible for prolonging inhalation by stimulating the inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata. When the apneustic center is stimulated, it disrupts the normal breathing pattern, causing a prolonged and more intense inhalation. This results in deeper and more forceful breaths.
Incorrect choices:
A: increased respiratory rate - Stimulation of the apneustic center would not lead to an increased respiratory rate, but rather to changes in the depth and intensity of inhalation.
C: a shorter respiratory cycle - The apneustic center's stimulation does not lead to a shorter respiratory cycle, but rather to a prolonged inhalation phase.
D: less activity in the DRG center - The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is responsible for initiating inspiration, and the apneustic center does not affect its activity.
After receiving a change-of-shift report on four patients admitted to a heart failure unit ,which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. A patient who reported dizziness after receiving the first dose of captopril.
- B. A patient who has new-onset confusion and restlessness and cool clammy skin.
- C. A patient who is receiving IV nesiritide (Natrecor)
- D. A patient who is receiving oxygen and has crackles bilaterally in the lung bases.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because new-onset confusion, restlessness, and cool clammy skin are signs of poor perfusion and potential deterioration. The nurse should assess this patient first to address possible acute changes in condition. Option A, dizziness after captopril, can be important but not immediately life-threatening. Option C receiving IV nesiritide is stable and monitored closely. Option D with oxygen and crackles indicates pulmonary congestion but is not an immediate priority compared to the signs of poor perfusion in option B.
What is the relationship between the pressures at label '3'?
- A. P outside = P inside
- B. P outside > P inside
- C. P outside < P inside
- D. P outside + P inside
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because at label '3', the pressure outside the system is higher than the pressure inside. This is based on the principle that pressure decreases with increasing elevation. As we move upward in a fluid column, the pressure decreases. Therefore, in this scenario, the pressure outside the system (higher elevation) will be greater than the pressure inside the system (lower elevation).
A: P outside = P inside - Incorrect, as explained above, pressures are not equal at label '3'.
C: P outside < P inside - Incorrect, pressures are not in this relationship at label '3'.
D: P outside + P inside - Incorrect, this is not a valid comparison of pressures at label '3'.