Multiple Choice Questions on Respiratory System

Multiple Choice Questions on Respiratory System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Respiratory System related questions and content

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

  • A. decreased temperature
  • B. decreased pH
  • C. increased tissue PO2
  • D. decreased amounts of BPG
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: decreased pH. A decrease in pH (increased acidity) causes a rightward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, facilitating the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to peripheral tissues. This occurs due to the Bohr effect, where a decrease in pH weakens the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen, allowing for easier oxygen release.

Incorrect answers:
A: Decreased temperature would actually shift the dissociation curve to the left, making it more difficult for oxygen to be released from hemoglobin.
C: Increased tissue PO2 would lead to less oxygen being released from hemoglobin as the gradient for oxygen release decreases.
D: Decreased amounts of BPG would result in less oxygen being released as BPG helps facilitate oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in tissues.

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Delegation Decision: The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which intervention could be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

  • A. Assist the patient to get out of bed.
  • B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4 hours.
  • C. Plan patient activities to minimize exertion.
  • D. Teach the patient pursed lip breathing technique.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Assisting the patient to get out of bed can be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) as it does not require specialized nursing knowledge or skills. It is a basic activity of daily living that can be delegated to support staff while allowing nurses to focus on more complex patient care tasks.

After change of shift, you are assigned to care for the following clients. Which client should you assess first?

  • A. A 68-year-old client on ventilator who needs a sterile sputum specimen sent to the laboratory
  • B. A 57-year-old client with COPD and pulse oximetry reading from previous shift of 90% saturation
  • C. A 72-year-old client with pneumonia who needs to be started on intravenous antibiotics
  • D. A 51-year-old client with asthma complaining of shortness of breath (SOB) after using a bronchodilator inhaler
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A client with acute SOB after using a bronchodilator requires immediate attention. Clients on ventilators (A), with stable but low oxygen saturation (B), or needing antibiotics (C) are important but less urgent.

A client is admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following signs and symptoms aren't characteristic of COPD?

  • A. Fever
  • B. Dyspnea on exertion.
  • C. Barrel chest.
  • D. Clubbed fingers and toes.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fever. Fever is not a characteristic sign or symptom of COPD. The rationale is that COPD is a chronic respiratory condition that primarily affects the lungs and airways, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath (dyspnea on exertion), barrel chest due to air trapping, and clubbed fingers and toes due to chronic hypoxia. Fever is not a typical presentation of COPD, as it is usually associated with infections or inflammatory conditions rather than COPD itself. In summary, choices B, C, and D are characteristic of COPD, while choice A is not typically associated with this condition.

A patient has been diagnosed with heart failure that has not yet responded to treatment. What breath sound should the nurse expect to assess on auscultation?

  • A. Expiratory wheezes
  • B. Inspiratory wheezes
  • C. Rhonchi
  • D. Crackles
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Crackles. In heart failure, crackles are often heard on auscultation due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. This is a result of the heart's inability to effectively pump blood, leading to congestion in the pulmonary circulation. Crackles are discontinuous, moist sounds that occur during inspiration and sometimes expiration. Expiratory wheezes (A) are typically associated with obstructive airway diseases such as asthma. Inspiratory wheezes (B) are not commonly heard in heart failure. Rhonchi (C) are low-pitched continuous sounds often heard in patients with bronchitis or pneumonia, not specifically in heart failure.

Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?

  • A. mediastinum
  • B. fissure
  • C. root
  • D. pleura
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: fissure. A fissure is a deep groove or division that separates the lung into lobes. Each lung has fissures that divide it into lobes: the right lung has an oblique fissure and a horizontal fissure, while the left lung has an oblique fissure. The mediastinum (A) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. The root (C) is the area where structures such as blood vessels and bronchi enter or exit the lung. The pleura (D) is a membrane that covers the lungs but does not separate them into lobes.

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