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After change of shift, you are assigned to care for the following clients. Which client should you assess first?
- A. A 68-year-old client on ventilator who needs a sterile sputum specimen sent to the laboratory
- B. A 57-year-old client with COPD and pulse oximetry reading from previous shift of 90% saturation
- C. A 72-year-old client with pneumonia who needs to be started on intravenous antibiotics
- D. A 51-year-old client with asthma complaining of shortness of breath (SOB) after using a bronchodilator inhaler
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A client with acute SOB after using a bronchodilator requires immediate attention. Clients on ventilators (A), with stable but low oxygen saturation (B), or needing antibiotics (C) are important but less urgent.
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The process of respiration is concerned with
- A. Intake O2
- B. Liberation of O2
- C. Liberation of CO2
- D. liberation of energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: liberation of energy. Respiration involves the conversion of glucose into ATP, releasing energy that cells can use for various functions. Oxygen is taken in during respiration (A), not liberated (B). Carbon dioxide is released (C) as a byproduct of respiration, not liberated. Option D is correct as it accurately captures the primary purpose of respiration.
Plastron is the air bubble carrying respiratory air in the abdomen of
- A. Belostoma
- B. Nepa (Water boat man)
- C. Chironomous
- D. Mosquito
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nepa (Water boat man). Plastron is an air bubble that aquatic insects such as Nepa carry to respire underwater. Belostoma and Chironomous do not have plastrons. Mosquitoes breathe through a siphon, not a plastron. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Number of alveoli in the two human lungs is
- A. 600-800 millions
- B. 200-300 millions
- C. 1-2 millions
- D. 100,000-150,000 millions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (600-800 millions) because the alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. An adult human lung has approximately 300-400 million alveoli, with two lungs totaling 600-800 million. Choice B (200-300 millions) and C (1-2 millions) are incorrect because they underestimate the total number of alveoli in both lungs. Choice D (100,000-150,000 millions) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of alveoli by a significant margin.
The portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchioles is called......
- A. terminal bronchioles
- B. bronchioles tree
- C. Pulmonary lobule
- D. primary bronchioles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pulmonary lobule. A pulmonary lobule is the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. This is because each bronchiole branches into smaller airways ending in clusters of alveoli called pulmonary lobules. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways in the respiratory tract, not the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. B) Bronchiole tree is not a specific anatomical term. D) Primary bronchioles are the branches of the main bronchi and are not associated with the specific portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole.
For a female patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which nursing intervention would help maintain a patent airway?
- A. Restricting fluid intake to 1,000 ml per day.
- B. Enforcing absolute bed rest.
- C. Teaching the patient how to perform controlled coughing.
- D. Administering prescribed sedatives regularly and in large amounts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Teaching the patient how to perform controlled coughing. This intervention helps to clear mucus and secretions from the airways, maintaining a patent airway. Controlled coughing also prevents airway obstruction and promotes effective breathing. Restricting fluid intake (A) can lead to dehydration and thickening of secretions, worsening airway clearance. Enforcing bed rest (B) can cause decreased lung expansion and retention of secretions. Administering sedatives (D) can depress respiratory drive and worsen respiratory function.