Nokea
The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the
- A. vital capacity.
- B. tidal volume
- C. pleural volume.
- D. alveolar volume.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. It is calculated by adding tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume together. This measurement reflects the maximum lung capacity and is important in assessing lung function. Tidal volume (B) is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing cycles. Pleural volume (C) refers to the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Alveolar volume (D) is the amount of air in the alveoli available for gas exchange. These choices are incorrect as they do not represent the maximum air intake capacity of the lungs.
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A nurse teaches a client who is prescribed nicotine replacement therapy. Which statement would the nurse include in this client's teaching?
- A. Make a list of reasons why smoking is a bad habit.
- B. Rise slowly when getting out of bed in the morning.
- C. Smoking while taking this medication will increase your risk of a stroke.
- D. Stopping this medication suddenly increases your risk for a heart attack.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking while taking this medication will increase your risk of a stroke. This statement is important because nicotine replacement therapy aims to help the client quit smoking, and smoking while on this therapy can lead to nicotine overdose, increasing the risk of adverse effects like stroke.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the client's nicotine replacement therapy. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains to orthostatic hypotension, not nicotine replacement therapy. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses the consequences of abruptly stopping the medication, not the risks associated with smoking while on it.
A nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note in the client?
- A. Decreased respiratory rate.
- B. Pallor.
- C. Low arterial PaO2.
- D. An elevated arterial PaO2.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low arterial PaO2. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is impaired gas exchange leading to hypoxemia. Low arterial PaO2 indicates poor oxygenation in the blood, a hallmark of ARDS. Decreased respiratory rate (A) is unlikely as the body compensates by increasing respiratory effort. Pallor (B) is a general sign of reduced blood flow and not specific to ARDS. An elevated arterial PaO2 (D) would not be expected in ARDS, as it signifies adequate oxygenation.
The process of respiration is concerned with
- A. Intake O2
- B. Liberation of O2
- C. Liberation of CO2
- D. liberation of energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: liberation of energy. Respiration involves the conversion of glucose into ATP, releasing energy that cells can use for various functions. Oxygen is taken in during respiration (A), not liberated (B). Carbon dioxide is released (C) as a byproduct of respiration, not liberated. Option D is correct as it accurately captures the primary purpose of respiration.
Number of alveoli in the two human lungs is
- A. 600-800 millions
- B. 200-300 millions
- C. 1-2 millions
- D. 100,000-150,000 millions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (600-800 millions) because the alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. An adult human lung has approximately 300-400 million alveoli, with two lungs totaling 600-800 million. Choice B (200-300 millions) and C (1-2 millions) are incorrect because they underestimate the total number of alveoli in both lungs. Choice D (100,000-150,000 millions) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of alveoli by a significant margin.
A client has been hospitalized with tuberculosis (TB). The client's spouse is fearful of entering the room where the client is in isolation and refuses to visit. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Ask the spouse to explain the fear of visiting in further detail.
- B. Inform the spouse that the precautions are meant to keep other clients safe.
- C. Show the spouse how to follow the Isolation Precautions to avoid illness.
- D. Tell the spouse that he or she has already been exposed, so it's safe to visit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ask the spouse to explain the fear of visiting in further detail. By asking the spouse to explain their fear, the nurse can address and alleviate specific concerns, providing tailored support. This approach promotes open communication and understanding, which may help the spouse feel more comfortable visiting.
B: Informing the spouse about precautions may not address the underlying fear and could come across as dismissive.
C: Showing how to follow precautions does not directly address the spouse's fear and may not be sufficient to alleviate concerns.
D: Telling the spouse they have already been exposed may not address their fear and could potentially increase anxiety.