Nokea
The nose serves all the following functions EXCEPT:
- A. as the initiator of the cough reflex
- B. warming and humidifying the air
- C. cleansing the air
- D. as a passageway for air movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: as the initiator of the cough reflex. The nose does not initiate the cough reflex; rather, it is the respiratory system's response to irritants in the airways. The nose warms, humidifies, and cleanses the air as it passes through, and it also serves as a passageway for air movement. Therefore, the nose does not directly trigger the cough reflex.
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Plastron is the air bubble carrying respiratory air in the abdomen of
- A. Belostoma
- B. Nepa (Water boat man)
- C. Chironomous
- D. Mosquito
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nepa (Water boat man). Plastron is an air bubble that aquatic insects such as Nepa carry to respire underwater. Belostoma and Chironomous do not have plastrons. Mosquitoes breathe through a siphon, not a plastron. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
The process of respiration is concerned with
- A. Intake O2
- B. Liberation of O2
- C. Liberation of CO2
- D. liberation of energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: liberation of energy. Respiration involves the conversion of glucose into ATP, releasing energy that cells can use for various functions. Oxygen is taken in during respiration (A), not liberated (B). Carbon dioxide is released (C) as a byproduct of respiration, not liberated. Option D is correct as it accurately captures the primary purpose of respiration.
A patient has been diagnosed with heart failure that has not yet responded to treatment. What breath sound should the nurse expect to assess on auscultation?
- A. Expiratory wheezes
- B. Inspiratory wheezes
- C. Rhonchi
- D. Crackles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Crackles. In heart failure, crackles are often heard on auscultation due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. This is a result of the heart's inability to effectively pump blood, leading to congestion in the pulmonary circulation. Crackles are discontinuous, moist sounds that occur during inspiration and sometimes expiration. Expiratory wheezes (A) are typically associated with obstructive airway diseases such as asthma. Inspiratory wheezes (B) are not commonly heard in heart failure. Rhonchi (C) are low-pitched continuous sounds often heard in patients with bronchitis or pneumonia, not specifically in heart failure.
Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?
- A. mediastinum
- B. fissure
- C. root
- D. pleura
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: fissure. A fissure is a deep groove or division that separates the lung into lobes. Each lung has fissures that divide it into lobes: the right lung has an oblique fissure and a horizontal fissure, while the left lung has an oblique fissure. The mediastinum (A) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. The root (C) is the area where structures such as blood vessels and bronchi enter or exit the lung. The pleura (D) is a membrane that covers the lungs but does not separate them into lobes.
A client is admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following signs and symptoms aren't characteristic of COPD?
- A. Fever
- B. Dyspnea on exertion.
- C. Barrel chest.
- D. Clubbed fingers and toes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fever. Fever is not a characteristic sign or symptom of COPD. The rationale is that COPD is a chronic respiratory condition that primarily affects the lungs and airways, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath (dyspnea on exertion), barrel chest due to air trapping, and clubbed fingers and toes due to chronic hypoxia. Fever is not a typical presentation of COPD, as it is usually associated with infections or inflammatory conditions rather than COPD itself. In summary, choices B, C, and D are characteristic of COPD, while choice A is not typically associated with this condition.