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What is an appropriate goal for a nurse when working with a patient who has anorexia nervosa?
- A. The patient will achieve rapid weight gain and improve self-esteem.
- B. The patient will restore nutritional balance through safe weight gain.
- C. The patient will accept their body image without therapeutic intervention.
- D. The patient will maintain a healthy weight without any professional assistance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because restoring nutritional balance through safe weight gain is a realistic and appropriate goal for a nurse working with a patient with anorexia nervosa. This goal focuses on the patient's physical health and addresses the underlying issue of malnutrition. Rapid weight gain (A) may be dangerous and unsustainable. Accepting body image without intervention (C) ignores the severity of the disorder. Maintaining a healthy weight without professional assistance (D) is unlikely for someone with anorexia nervosa who requires specialized care.
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A 14-year-old client on the eating disorders unit refuses to eat her meals and says to the nurse on the unit, 'You can't make me eat! There is nothing wrong with me.' The nurse will assess this as use of which defense mechanism?
- A. Repression.
- B. Rationalization.
- C. Sublimation.
- D. Denial.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. Denial is a defense mechanism where an individual refuses to acknowledge reality to avoid discomfort. In this scenario, the client is denying the seriousness of their situation by refusing to eat and claiming there is nothing wrong. Repression (A) involves unconsciously blocking out unpleasant thoughts or feelings. Rationalization (B) is creating logical explanations to justify behavior. Sublimation (C) is redirecting negative impulses into positive behaviors. In this case, denial is the most fitting defense mechanism as the client is refusing to accept the reality of their eating disorder.
Which of the following is an effective communication technique that should be included in the teaching plan for the family members of a woman in whom Alzheimer's disease has been diagnosed recently?
- A. Use simple, familiar words, along with short and simple sentences.
- B. If the client tends to pace a lot, be sure to encourage her to sit during interactions.
- C. If she doesn't understand the communication, change key words.
- D. Use hand gestures when speaking to try to explain what is being said.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use simple, familiar words, along with short and simple sentences. This is an effective communication technique for individuals with Alzheimer's disease as it helps in enhancing understanding and reduces confusion. Complex language or sentences may be difficult for the patient to comprehend.
Choice B is incorrect because encouraging the client to sit during interactions does not directly relate to effective communication techniques. Choice C is incorrect as changing key words can lead to further confusion and may not aid in understanding. Choice D is incorrect because using hand gestures may not always effectively convey the message and can potentially cause more confusion for individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
An appropriate short-term goal for a withdrawn, isolated patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is:
- A. The patient will participate in all therapeutic activities.'
- B. The patient will define major barriers to communication.'
- C. The patient will talk about feelings of withdrawal in group.'
- D. The patient will consistently interact with an assigned nurse.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Interacting with an assigned nurse helps build a therapeutic relationship, essential for engaging withdrawn patients.
Step 2: Consistent interaction promotes trust and communication, aiding in the patient's socialization.
Step 3: This goal is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, aligning with the SMART criteria.
Summary:
A: Participation in all activities may overwhelm the patient.
B: Defining barriers to communication is too advanced for someone withdrawn.
C: Talking about feelings in a group setting may be too challenging for a withdrawn patient.
Which of the following statements is true about the differences in mental health problems between children and adults?
- A. Children are affected by the same stressors as adults, but to different degrees and with different manifestations
- B. Childrens mental health disorders are generally much less severe and resolve more quickly than do those of adults
- C. Childrens mental health problems are different from those of adults because their brains are wired differently
- D. Children have better means of working off stresses than do adults
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mental health disorders in children have many similarities and differences from the same disorders in adults. The other responses are not correct.
A client has just been diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease. A family member asks what medications are used for treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following medications are the ones most used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Haloperidol (Haldol)
- B. Donepezil (Aricept)
- C. Rivastigmine (Exelon)
- D. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Donepezil (Aricept). Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor commonly used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease by improving cognitive function. It is considered a first-line medication for Alzheimer's. Haloperidol (A) is an antipsychotic drug and not used for Alzheimer's treatment. Rivastigmine (C) is another cholinesterase inhibitor like donepezil, but it is more commonly used for moderate to severe Alzheimer's. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (D) are not typically used for Alzheimer's treatment. In summary, Donepezil is the preferred medication for mild to moderate Alzheimer's due to its effectiveness in improving cognitive symptoms.