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What is an important dietary consideration for a child with celiac disease?
- A. Increased iron intake
- B. Gluten-free diet
- C. High-protein diet
- D. Low-sodium diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A gluten-free diet is crucial for managing celiac disease in children because it helps prevent intestinal damage and alleviate symptoms. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, damaging the lining of the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect. While iron intake is important for overall health, a child with celiac disease can still meet their iron needs through sources that are naturally gluten-free or fortified. A high-protein diet or a low-sodium diet are not specifically required for managing celiac disease.
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of dietary guidelines?
- A. To ensure food safety and sanitation.
- B. To promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
- C. To prevent foodborne illnesses.
- D. To provide recommendations for physical activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.' Dietary guidelines aim to improve public health by providing recommendations on dietary patterns and nutrient intake. While ensuring food safety and sanitation (choice A) is important, it is not the primary purpose of dietary guidelines. Preventing foodborne illnesses (choice C) is more related to food safety practices rather than dietary guidelines. Recommendations for physical activity (choice D) are important for overall health but are separate from dietary guidelines, which primarily focus on nutrition.
Which statement best describes the relationship between diet and chronic diseases?
- A. Diet has no impact on chronic diseases.
- B. A poor diet can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases.
- C. Diet is the sole cause of chronic diseases.
- D. A balanced diet can help prevent or manage chronic diseases.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer. A poor diet can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases due to the lack of essential nutrients or the presence of harmful components like excessive sugar, salt, or saturated fats. While diet plays a significant role in the development of chronic diseases, it is not the sole cause (choice C). Choice A is incorrect because diet does indeed have a significant impact on chronic diseases. Choice D is not the best answer as it does not acknowledge the negative impact of a poor diet on chronic diseases.
What should be assessed in an infant diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
- A. Diarrhea after each feeding
- B. Gastric pain and vigorous crying
- C. Poor appetite due to poor sucking reflex
- D. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an olive-shaped mass can often be palpated in the infant's abdomen, which is a hallmark sign of this condition. This mass is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, right of the midline. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may experience vomiting (not diarrhea), gastric pain, and irritability, and have feeding difficulties, the key assessment finding specific to this condition is the palpable olive-shaped mass in the abdomen.
In what units are energy measurements expressed by most scientists and nutritionists outside the United States?
- A. newtons
- B. liters
- C. kilojoules
- D. kilocalories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kilojoules are the standard units of energy used by most scientists and nutritionists worldwide. Newtons are units of force, liters are units of volume, and kilocalories are more commonly used in the United States but not as widely adopted internationally for energy measurements. Therefore, the correct answer is 'kilojoules.'
What is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children?
- A. Constipation
- B. Excessive vomiting
- C. Nasal congestion
- D. Abdominal pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nasal congestion is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children. It is typically accompanied by cough and sore throat. Constipation (choice A) and excessive vomiting (choice B) are not typical symptoms of upper respiratory infections. Abdominal pain (choice D) is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues rather than upper respiratory infections.