Nokea
What role do fats play in the human body?
- A. They provide a concentrated source of energy.
- B. They are the building blocks of enzymes and hormones.
- C. They are essential for brain function and development.
- D. They aid in the digestion of food.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fats play various essential roles in the human body, one of which is aiding in the digestion of food. While fats do provide a concentrated source of energy, the primary source is carbohydrates. Proteins are the building blocks of enzymes and hormones, not fats. Essential fatty acids found in fats are vital for brain function and development, but this is not the primary role of fats in the body.
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Which lab result should be abnormal in a child with hemophilia?
- A. Prothrombin time
- B. Bleeding time
- C. Platelet count
- D. Partial thromboplastin time
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a child with hemophilia, the lab result that should be abnormal is the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Hemophilia is a disorder that affects the clotting factors in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to a prolonged PTT. Prothrombin time (Choice A) assesses the extrinsic pathway and should be normal in hemophilia. Bleeding time (Choice B) evaluates platelet function, which is typically normal in hemophilia. Platelet count (Choice C) measures the number of platelets and is not directly affected by hemophilia.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of dietary guidelines?
- A. To ensure food safety and sanitation.
- B. To promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
- C. To prevent foodborne illnesses.
- D. To provide recommendations for physical activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.' Dietary guidelines aim to improve public health by providing recommendations on dietary patterns and nutrient intake. While ensuring food safety and sanitation (choice A) is important, it is not the primary purpose of dietary guidelines. Preventing foodborne illnesses (choice C) is more related to food safety practices rather than dietary guidelines. Recommendations for physical activity (choice D) are important for overall health but are separate from dietary guidelines, which primarily focus on nutrition.
How should a caregiver manage a child with a known allergy to peanuts?
- A. Avoid all peanut-containing products
- B. Encourage regular exposure to peanuts
- C. Administer antihistamines daily
- D. Recommend peanut-containing supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Avoiding peanut-containing products is crucial for managing a peanut allergy and preventing allergic reactions. Choice B suggesting regular exposure to peanuts can be harmful and trigger severe allergic reactions in a child with a peanut allergy. Regular exposure can increase the risk of anaphylaxis. Choice C of administering antihistamines daily is not a primary prevention strategy and should not be the first-line approach for managing a peanut allergy. Antihistamines only treat symptoms and do not prevent the allergic reaction. Choice D of recommending peanut-containing supplements can also lead to severe allergic reactions and is not recommended for a child with a known peanut allergy. It is essential to eliminate all sources of peanuts to prevent accidental exposure and potential life-threatening reactions.
What is one benefit of using controls in an experiment?
- A. The size of the groups does not matter.
- B. The subjects are unaware of the experiment's details.
- C. The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos.
- D. The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Controls in an experiment ensure that the subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested. This allows for a fair comparison between the treatment group and the control group. Choice A is incorrect because the size of the groups is not the primary benefit of using controls. Choice B is incorrect as blinding, not controls, refers to subjects not knowing about the experiment. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains more to randomization than the use of controls.
What is a common complication of untreated asthma in children?
- A. Delayed puberty
- B. Growth retardation
- C. Chronic sinusitis
- D. Frequent headaches
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic sinusitis. Untreated asthma can lead to chronic sinusitis in children due to prolonged inflammation and infection of the respiratory tract. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Delayed puberty and growth retardation are not common complications of untreated asthma in children. Frequent headaches may be associated with asthma exacerbations but are not typical long-term complications.