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What is most descriptive of the spiritual development of older adolescents?
- A. Beliefs become more abstract.
- B. Rituals and practices become increasingly important.
- C. Strict observance of religious customs is common.
- D. Emphasis is placed on external manifestations, such as whether a person goes to church.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because of their abstract thinking abilities, adolescents are able to interpret analogies and symbols. Rituals, practices, and strict observance of religious customs become less important as adolescents question values and ideals of families. Adolescents question external manifestations when not supported by adherence to supportive behaviors.
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What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence?
- A. Ability to see things from the point of view of another
- B. Capability of using a future time perspective
- C. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order
- D. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They also are concerned with the possible; they think beyond the present. During concrete operations (between ages 7 and 11 years), children exhibit thought processes that enable them to see things from the point of view of another, place things in a sensible and logical order, and progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason.
What are characteristics of early adolescence (1114 years) with regard to identity? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Mature sexual identity
- B. Increase in self-esteem
- C. Trying out of various roles
- D. Conformity to group norms
- E. Preoccupied with rapid body changes
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Characteristics of early adolescence identity include trying out of various roles, conformity to group norms, and preoccupation with rapid body changes. Mature sexual identity and increase in self-esteem are characteristics of late adolescent identity.
The nurse is preparing a pamphlet for parents of adolescents about guidance during the adolescent years. What suggestion should the nurse include in the pamphlet?
- A. Provide criticism when mistakes are made or when views are different.
- B. Use comparisons with older siblings or extended family to promote good outcomes.
- C. Begin to disengage from school functions to allow the adolescent to gain independence.
- D. Provide clear, reasonable limits and define consequences when rules are broken.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An anticipatory guideline to include when teaching parents of adolescents is to provide clear, reasonable limits and have clear consequences when rules are broken. Parents should avoid criticism when mistakes are made and should allow opportunities for the teen to voice different views and opinions. Parents should try to avoid comparing the teen with a sibling or extended family member. Parents should try to be more engaged in the teens school functions to show support and unconditional love.
What is true concerning masturbation during adolescence?
- A. Homosexuality is encouraged by the practice of masturbation.
- B. Many girls do not begin masturbation until after they have intercourse.
- C. Masturbation at an early age leads to sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
- D. Development of intimate relationships is delayed when masturbation is regularly practiced.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The age of first masturbation for girls is variable. Some begin masturbating in early adolescence; many do not begin until after they have had intercourse. Boys typically begin masturbation in early adolescence. Masturbation provides an opportunity for self-exploration. Both heterosexual and homosexual youth use masturbation. It does not affect the development of intimacy.
The school nurse is teaching an adolescent about social networking and texting on phones. What statement by the adolescent indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Social networking can help me develop interpersonal skills.
- B. I will have an opportunity to interact with people like myself.
- C. My text messaging during class time in school will not cause any disruption.
- D. I should be cautious, as the online environment can create opportunities for cyberbullying.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internet chatrooms and social networking sites have created a more public arena for trying out identities and developing interpersonal skills with a wider network of people, occasionally with anonymity. This can create opportunities for young people who have a limited access to friends (because of rural location, shyness, or rare chronic conditions) to interact with people like themselves. Both the online and text environment can create opportunities for cyberbullying, in which teens engage in insults, harassment, and publicly humiliating statements online or on cell phones. Text messaging and instant messaging via cell phones has become a common activity and can sometimes be disruptive during school. If the adolescent indicates it will not be disruptive, further teaching is needed.