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What is an important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents?
- A. Adolescents generally are not risk takers.
- B. Adolescents can anticipate the long-term consequences of serious injuries.
- C. Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking.
- D. During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent permanent injuries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The physical, sensory, and psychomotor development of adolescents provides a sense of strength and confidence. There is also an increase in energy coupled with risk taking that puts them at risk. Adolescents are risk takers because their feelings of indestructibility interfere with understanding of consequences. Sports can be a useful way for adolescents to discharge energy. Care must be taken to avoid overuse injuries.
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In boys, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Voice changes
- B. Growth of pubic hair
- C. Testicular enlargement
- D. Increased size of penis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Testicular enlargement is the first change that signals puberty in boys; it usually occurs between the ages of 9 1/2 and 14 years during Tanner stage 2. Voice change occurs between Tanner stages 3 and 4. Fine pubic hair may occur at the base of the penis; darker hair occurs during Tanner stage 3. The penis enlarges during Tanner stage 3.
The school nurse is teaching a class on injury prevention. What should be included when discussing firearms?
- A. Adolescents are too young to use guns properly for hunting.
- B. Gun carrying among adolescents is on the rise, primarily among inner-city youth.
- C. Nonpowder guns (air rifles, BB guns) are a relatively safe alternative to powder guns.
- D. Adolescence is the peak age for being a victim or offender in the case of injury involving a firearm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The increase in gun availability in the general population is linked to increased gun deaths among children, especially adolescents. Gun carrying among adolescents is on the rise and not limited to the stereotypic inner-city youth. Adolescents can be taught to safely use guns for hunting, but they must be stored properly and used only with supervision. Nonpowder guns (air rifles, BB guns) cause almost as many injuries as powder guns.
What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence?
- A. Ability to see things from the point of view of another
- B. Capability of using a future time perspective
- C. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order
- D. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They also are concerned with the possible; they think beyond the present. During concrete operations (between ages 7 and 11 years), children exhibit thought processes that enable them to see things from the point of view of another, place things in a sensible and logical order, and progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason.
What guidelines should the nurse use when interviewing adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ensure privacy.
- B. Use open-ended questions.
- C. Share your thoughts and assumptions.
- D. Explain that all interactions will be confidential.
- E. Begin with less sensitive issues and proceed to more sensitive ones.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Guidelines for interviewing adolescents include ensuring privacy, using open-ended questions, and beginning with less sensitive issues and proceeding to more sensitive ones. The nurse should not share thoughts but maintain objectivity and should avoid assumptions, judgments, and lectures. It may not be possible for all interactions to be confidential. Limits of confidentiality include a legal duty to report physical or sexual abuse and to get others involved if an adolescent is suicidal.
What is true concerning masturbation during adolescence?
- A. Homosexuality is encouraged by the practice of masturbation.
- B. Many girls do not begin masturbation until after they have intercourse.
- C. Masturbation at an early age leads to sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
- D. Development of intimate relationships is delayed when masturbation is regularly practiced.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The age of first masturbation for girls is variable. Some begin masturbating in early adolescence; many do not begin until after they have had intercourse. Boys typically begin masturbation in early adolescence. Masturbation provides an opportunity for self-exploration. Both heterosexual and homosexual youth use masturbation. It does not affect the development of intimacy.