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How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys?
- A. In girls, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in boys.
- B. In girls, it occurs about 3 years before it appears in boys.
- C. In boys, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in girls.
- D. It is about the same in both boys and girls.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The average age of onset is 9 1/2 years for girls and 10 1/2 years for boys. Although pubertal growth spurts may occur in girls 3 years before it appears in boys on an individual basis, the average difference is 1 year. Usually girls begin their pubertal growth spurt earlier than boys.
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What is true concerning masturbation during adolescence?
- A. Homosexuality is encouraged by the practice of masturbation.
- B. Many girls do not begin masturbation until after they have intercourse.
- C. Masturbation at an early age leads to sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
- D. Development of intimate relationships is delayed when masturbation is regularly practiced.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The age of first masturbation for girls is variable. Some begin masturbating in early adolescence; many do not begin until after they have had intercourse. Boys typically begin masturbation in early adolescence. Masturbation provides an opportunity for self-exploration. Both heterosexual and homosexual youth use masturbation. It does not affect the development of intimacy.
What is most descriptive of the spiritual development of older adolescents?
- A. Beliefs become more abstract.
- B. Rituals and practices become increasingly important.
- C. Strict observance of religious customs is common.
- D. Emphasis is placed on external manifestations, such as whether a person goes to church.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because of their abstract thinking abilities, adolescents are able to interpret analogies and symbols. Rituals, practices, and strict observance of religious customs become less important as adolescents question values and ideals of families. Adolescents question external manifestations when not supported by adherence to supportive behaviors.
What guidelines should the nurse use when interviewing adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ensure privacy.
- B. Use open-ended questions.
- C. Share your thoughts and assumptions.
- D. Explain that all interactions will be confidential.
- E. Begin with less sensitive issues and proceed to more sensitive ones.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Guidelines for interviewing adolescents include ensuring privacy, using open-ended questions, and beginning with less sensitive issues and proceeding to more sensitive ones. The nurse should not share thoughts but maintain objectivity and should avoid assumptions, judgments, and lectures. It may not be possible for all interactions to be confidential. Limits of confidentiality include a legal duty to report physical or sexual abuse and to get others involved if an adolescent is suicidal.
The school nurse teaches adolescents that the detrimental long-term effects of tanning are what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Vitamin D deficiency
- B. Premature aging of the skin
- C. Exacerbates acne outbreaks
- D. Increased risk for skin cancer
- E. Possible phototoxic reactions
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Adolescents should be educated regarding the detrimental effects of sunlight on the skin. Long-term effects include premature aging of the skin; increased risk for skin cancer; and, in susceptible individuals, phototoxic reactions. Exposure to levels of sunlight cause an increase in vitamin D production. Tanning can often reduce outbreaks of acne.
The school nurse recognizes that adolescents should get how many hours of sleep each night?
- A. 6 hours
- B. 7 hours
- C. 8 hours
- D. 9 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescents should generally get around 9 hours of sleep each night.