Nokea
In girls, what is the initial indication of puberty?
- A. Menarche
- B. Growth spurt
- C. Breast development
- D. Growth of pubic hair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In most girls, the initial indication of puberty is the appearance of breast buds, an event known as thelarche. The usual sequence of secondary sexual characteristic development in girls is breast changes, a rapid increase in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, appearance of axillary hair, menstruation (menarche), and abrupt deceleration of linear growth.
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The development of sexual orientation during adolescence is what?
- A. Inflexible
- B. A developmental process
- C. Differs for boys and girls
- D. Proceeds in a defined sequence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The development of sexual orientation as a part of sexual identity includes several developmental milestones during late childhood and throughout adolescence. The sequence and time spent in phases are different for each individual. Boys and girls pass through the same developmental milestones.
According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Conventional thought
- C. Postconventional thought
- D. Formal operational thought
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive thinking culminates in the capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of formal operations, is Piagets fourth and last stage. Concrete operations usually occur between ages 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refers to Kohlbergs stages of moral development.
The school nurse recognizes that students who are targeted for repeated harassment and bullying may exhibit what? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Skip school
- B. Attempt suicide
- C. Bring weapons to school
- D. Attend extracurricular activities
- E. Report symptoms of depression
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Students targeted for repeated teasing and harassment are more likely to skip school, to report symptoms of depression, and to attempt suicide. Equally troubling, teens who are regularly harassed or bullied are also more likely to bring weapons to school to feel safe. Students who are bullied do not want to attend extracurricular activities.
What is an important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents?
- A. Adolescents generally are not risk takers.
- B. Adolescents can anticipate the long-term consequences of serious injuries.
- C. Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking.
- D. During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent permanent injuries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The physical, sensory, and psychomotor development of adolescents provides a sense of strength and confidence. There is also an increase in energy coupled with risk taking that puts them at risk. Adolescents are risk takers because their feelings of indestructibility interfere with understanding of consequences. Sports can be a useful way for adolescents to discharge energy. Care must be taken to avoid overuse injuries.
What guidelines should the nurse use when interviewing adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ensure privacy.
- B. Use open-ended questions.
- C. Share your thoughts and assumptions.
- D. Explain that all interactions will be confidential.
- E. Begin with less sensitive issues and proceed to more sensitive ones.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Guidelines for interviewing adolescents include ensuring privacy, using open-ended questions, and beginning with less sensitive issues and proceeding to more sensitive ones. The nurse should not share thoughts but maintain objectivity and should avoid assumptions, judgments, and lectures. It may not be possible for all interactions to be confidential. Limits of confidentiality include a legal duty to report physical or sexual abuse and to get others involved if an adolescent is suicidal.